Mejora de puestos de trabajo en el área producción para disminuir riesgos disergonómicos en una empresa de alimentos
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2024
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
En esta investigación se mejoraron los puestos de trabajo del área de producción en una empresa de alimentos con el objetivo de reducir los riesgos disergonómicos. La metodología empleada comenzó con una Evaluación Rápida de Riesgos Ergonómicos basada en la ISO 11228-1 para clasificar los niveles de riesgo en aceptables (verde) o altos (rojo). En base a estos resultados, se aplicaron los métodos de evaluación ergonómica REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) y NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) para un análisis detallado de las posturas y condiciones laborales. Las mejoras implementadas incluyeron la instalación de cinco bandas transportadoras para eliminar el puesto de cargador de sacos, la optimización de la iluminación mediante el método de cuadrantes y la capacitación en ergonomía para los trabajadores. Tras estas modificaciones, los riesgos fueron reevaluados, y se realizó un análisis costo-beneficio del rediseño. Como resultado, se logró una reducción del 100% en el riesgo por posturas estáticas y 50 % en manipulación manual de cargas, evitando multas de Sunafil por S/ 27 140 y otros costos de S/ 87 420. La inversión, que se recuperó en 1 año y 9 meses, generó una utilidad neta de S/ 83 603, un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de S/ 191 537, una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) del 27% y una relación Beneficio/Costo (B/C) de 1,71, demostrando que la inversión fue altamente rentable y viable, con una rápida recuperación del capital invertido.
In this research, the workstations in the production area of a food company were improved with the goal of reducing ergonomic risks. The methodology began with a Rapid Assessment of Ergonomic Risks based on ISO 11228-1 to classify risk levels as either acceptable (green) or high (red). Based on these results, the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) ergonomic assessment methods were applied for a detailed analysis of postures and working conditions. The improvements implemented included the installation of five conveyor belts to eliminate the sack-loading station, optimization of lighting through the quadrant method, and ergonomics training for workers. After these modifications, risks were reassessed, and a cost-benefit analysis of the redesign was conducted. As a result, a 100% reduction in risk from static postures and a 50% reduction in manual handling risks were achieved, avoiding Sunafil fines of S/ 27 140 and other costs amounting to S/ 87 420. The investment, recovered in 1 year and 9 months, generated a net profit of S/ 83 603, a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/ 191 537, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 27%, and a Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio of 1,71, demonstrating that the investment was highly profitable and viable, with a rapid recovery of the capital invested.
In this research, the workstations in the production area of a food company were improved with the goal of reducing ergonomic risks. The methodology began with a Rapid Assessment of Ergonomic Risks based on ISO 11228-1 to classify risk levels as either acceptable (green) or high (red). Based on these results, the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) ergonomic assessment methods were applied for a detailed analysis of postures and working conditions. The improvements implemented included the installation of five conveyor belts to eliminate the sack-loading station, optimization of lighting through the quadrant method, and ergonomics training for workers. After these modifications, risks were reassessed, and a cost-benefit analysis of the redesign was conducted. As a result, a 100% reduction in risk from static postures and a 50% reduction in manual handling risks were achieved, avoiding Sunafil fines of S/ 27 140 and other costs amounting to S/ 87 420. The investment, recovered in 1 year and 9 months, generated a net profit of S/ 83 603, a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/ 191 537, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 27%, and a Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio of 1,71, demonstrating that the investment was highly profitable and viable, with a rapid recovery of the capital invested.
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Palabras clave
Ergonomía, Seguridad laboral, Productividad, Ergonomics, Occupational safety, Productivity
Citación
V. J. Echevarria Caicedo, "Mejora de puestos de trabajo en el área producción para disminuir riesgos disergonómicos en una empresa de alimentos," tesis de maestría, Escuela de Posgrado, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2023. [En línea]. Disponible:
