Obligatoriedad de la etapa de diálogo en los procesos de consulta previa en actividades mineras
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2026
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
Este trabajo de investigación analiza el derecho de los pobladores originarios a la consulta previa vinculada a las actividades mineras desarrolladas en nuestro país, sustentado en la Ley N.° 29785 y el Convenio 169 de la OIT, con el objetivo de proponer la obligatoriedad de la etapa de diálogo para garantizar la participación efectiva y la protección de sus derechos colectivos, bajo todas las circunstancias, esto es, incluso ante la ausencia o falta de participación de los pueblos indígenas, dentro del proceso de consulta previa. La metodología empleada es de enfoque cualitativo, documental y jurídico interpretativo, basada en la revisión de legislación nacional, tesis académicas, artículos científicos, jurisprudencia y estudios previos, utilizando ficha matriz, categorización de fuentes y herramientas tecnológicas, así como bibliotecas digitales y físicas. Este análisis permitió identificar falencias en la implementación de la consulta previa, especialmente la falta de diálogo real, que restringe la actuación de las comunidades, genera desconfianza y contribuye a conflictos sociales, impactos ambientales y culturales negativos. Los resultados muestran que incorporar la obligatoriedad de la etapa de diálogo, bajo todas las circunstancias, fortalecería el marco normativo vigente, promoviendo transparencia, respeto cultural y equidad, y consolidaría una cooperación equitativa entre el Estado, las empresas y pobladores originarios. Asimismo, favorecería un modelo de minería sostenible y responsable, asegurando decisiones inclusivas, protectoras, garantistas de derechos y participativas de los pobladores originarios afectados sobre proyectos extractivos.
This research paper analyzes the right of indigenous peoples to prior consultation in relation to mining activities carried out in our country, based on Law No. 29785 and ILO Convention 169, with the aim of proposing that the dialogue stage be made mandatory in order to guarantee effective participation and the protection of their collective rights. The methodology used is qualitative, documentary, and legal interpretive, based on a review of national legislation, academic theses, scientific articles, case law, and previous studies, using a matrix, categorization of sources, and technological tools, as well as digital and physical libraries. This analysis identified shortcomings in the implementation of prior consultation, especially the lack of real dialogue, which restricts the actions of communities, generates mistrust, and contributes to social conflicts and negative environmental and cultural impacts. The results show that incorporating the mandatory dialogue stage would strengthen the current regulatory framework, promoting transparency, cultural respect, and equity, and would consolidate equitable cooperation between the State, companies, and indigenous peoples. It would also favor a sustainable and responsible mining model, ensuring inclusive, protective, rights-guaranteeing, and participatory decisions by the indigenous peoples affected by extractive projects.
This research paper analyzes the right of indigenous peoples to prior consultation in relation to mining activities carried out in our country, based on Law No. 29785 and ILO Convention 169, with the aim of proposing that the dialogue stage be made mandatory in order to guarantee effective participation and the protection of their collective rights. The methodology used is qualitative, documentary, and legal interpretive, based on a review of national legislation, academic theses, scientific articles, case law, and previous studies, using a matrix, categorization of sources, and technological tools, as well as digital and physical libraries. This analysis identified shortcomings in the implementation of prior consultation, especially the lack of real dialogue, which restricts the actions of communities, generates mistrust, and contributes to social conflicts and negative environmental and cultural impacts. The results show that incorporating the mandatory dialogue stage would strengthen the current regulatory framework, promoting transparency, cultural respect, and equity, and would consolidate equitable cooperation between the State, companies, and indigenous peoples. It would also favor a sustainable and responsible mining model, ensuring inclusive, protective, rights-guaranteeing, and participatory decisions by the indigenous peoples affected by extractive projects.
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Consulta previa, Pueblos indígenas, Actividad minera, Prior consultation, Indigenous peoples, Mining activity
Citación
Valladolid, J. (2025). Obligatoriedad de la etapa del diálogo en los procesos de consulta previa en actividades mineras [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo]. Repositorio Institucional USAT. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/10427
