Eventos traumáticos en pacientes con trastornos mentales atendidos en Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario, noviembre 2022-octubre 2023
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
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Introducción: Un trastorno mental se define por cambios significativos en la cognición, emociones o comportamiento. En Perú, según el Ministerio de Salud, dos de cada 10 personas sufren trastornos mentales, siendo una de las principales causas de discapacidad. Cuanto más frecuentes y graves sean los eventos traumáticos, mayor será la probabilidad de desarrollar un trastorno mental, lo que crea un ciclo entre ambos. Objetivo: Describir los eventos traumáticos presentes en pacientes con trastorno mental que han sido atendidos en el Centro Especializado de Salud Mental Comunitario de Chiclayo durante noviembre 2022 - octubre 2023. Materiales y métodos: Fue un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se revisaron 182 historias clínicas, con antecedente de evento traumático y con diagnóstico de algún trastorno mental. Resultados: Los 182 pacientes tenían una mediana de edad de 27,5 años. Siendo la mayoría mujeres, solteros de procedencia urbana y con educación superior incompleta. La mayoría de los pacientes sufrió abuso psicológico, físico y sexual, y muchos vivieron múltiples eventos traumáticos. El trastorno más común fue el trastorno neurótico (46,1%), seguido por el trastorno del humor (18,1%). Los trastornos más expuestos a eventos traumáticos fueron los neuróticos (F40), los trastornos del humor (F30) y los de la conducta y personalidad adulta (F60). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes eran mujeres, solteras y urbanas. Los eventos traumáticos más comunes fueron el abuso psicológico y físico. En los trastornos neuróticos, prevaleció el abuso físico y psicológico, mientras que en los trastornos del humor, el abuso sexual y psicológico.
Introduction: A mental disorder is defined by significant changes in cognition, emotions, or behavior. In Peru, according to the Ministry of Health, two out of every 10 people suffer from mental disorders, making it one of the leading causes of disability. The more frequent and severe the traumatic events, the higher the probability of developing a mental disorder, creating a cycle between the two. Objective: To describe the traumatic events present in patients with mental disorders who have been treated at the Specialized Community Mental Health Center in Chiclayo from November 2022 to October 2023. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 182 medical records were reviewed, with a history of traumatic events and a diagnosis of a mental disorder. Results: The 182 patients had a median age of 27.5 years. The majority were women, single, from urban areas, and with incomplete higher education. Most of the patients suffered from psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, and many experienced multiple traumatic events. The most common disorder was the neurotic disorder (46.1%), followed by mood disorders (18.1%). The disorders most exposed to traumatic events were neurotic disorders (F40), mood disorders (F30), and adult behavior and personality disorders (F60). Conclusions: Most of the patients were women, single, and urban. The most common traumatic events were psychological and physical abuse. In neurotic disorders, physical and psychological abuse predominated, while in mood disorders, sexual and psychological abuse were more common.
Introduction: A mental disorder is defined by significant changes in cognition, emotions, or behavior. In Peru, according to the Ministry of Health, two out of every 10 people suffer from mental disorders, making it one of the leading causes of disability. The more frequent and severe the traumatic events, the higher the probability of developing a mental disorder, creating a cycle between the two. Objective: To describe the traumatic events present in patients with mental disorders who have been treated at the Specialized Community Mental Health Center in Chiclayo from November 2022 to October 2023. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 182 medical records were reviewed, with a history of traumatic events and a diagnosis of a mental disorder. Results: The 182 patients had a median age of 27.5 years. The majority were women, single, from urban areas, and with incomplete higher education. Most of the patients suffered from psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, and many experienced multiple traumatic events. The most common disorder was the neurotic disorder (46.1%), followed by mood disorders (18.1%). The disorders most exposed to traumatic events were neurotic disorders (F40), mood disorders (F30), and adult behavior and personality disorders (F60). Conclusions: Most of the patients were women, single, and urban. The most common traumatic events were psychological and physical abuse. In neurotic disorders, physical and psychological abuse predominated, while in mood disorders, sexual and psychological abuse were more common.
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Trastornos mentales, Eventos traumáticos, Salud mental, Mental disorders, Traumatic events, Mental health
Citación
Sempertegui R. Eventos traumáticos en pacientes con trastornos mentales atendidos en Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario, noviembre 2022-octubre 2023 [Tesis de licenciatura]. Chiclayo: Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo; 2025. 39 p. Disponible en:
