Análisis de influencia del efluente de aguas residuales tratadas con zeolitas en la preparación de un concreto estructural
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2026
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
La presente investigación analiza la influencia del efluente de aguas residuales tratadas con zeolitas en el comportamiento de un concreto estructural, con el propósito de evaluar su viabilidad técnica y económica como alternativa sostenible al uso de agua potable en la construcción. La presente investigación tiene por objetivo general fue determinar el efecto del tratamiento con zeolitas sobre las propiedades físico-químicas del efluente y su incidencia en la resistencia mecánica del concreto. La metodología empleada es de un diseño experimental, la cual estuvo compuesta por porcentajes 2%, 3% y 4% de zeolita. Los resultados iniciales mostraron que el efluente presentó un pH de 7.77 dentro del rango aceptable, aunque con alta turbidez (82.9 NTU), DBO de 148.2 mg/L y DQO de 326 mg/L, superando los límites permisibles. Tras el tratamiento con 4% de zeolitas durante 24 horas, se observó una reducción significativa: turbidez de 7.4 NTU, sólidos suspendidos de 39.2 mg/L, DBO de 29.6 mg/L y DQO de 41.3 mg/L, cumpliendo la normativa vigente. En los ensayos mecánicos, el concreto con agua potable alcanzó 269.25 kg/cm², mientras que el elaborado con efluente sin tratar redujo su resistencia a 173.40 kg/cm². El uso de agua tratada con zeolitas mejoró los resultados a 231.2 kg/cm² (2%), 252.4 kg/cm² (3%) y 265 kg/cm² (4%), mostrando una recuperación progresiva. El análisis económico determinó un costo unitario de S/ 492.68/m³ para el tratamiento al 4%, con un incremento del 1.5% respecto al concreto convencional, justificado por su mayor desempeño estructural.
This research analyzes the influence of wastewater effluent treated with zeolites on the behavior of structural concrete, with the purpose of evaluating its technical and economic feasibility as a sustainable alternative to the use of potable water in construction. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of zeolite treatment on the physicochemical properties of the effluent and its impact on the mechanical strength of concrete. The methodology followed an experimental design, using zeolite contents of 2%, 3%, and 4%. Initial results showed that the effluent presented a pH of 7.77, within the acceptable range, but exhibited high turbidity (82.9 NTU), BOD of 148.2 mg/L, and COD of 326 mg/L, exceeding the permissible limits. After treatment with 4% zeolite for 24 hours, a significant reduction was observed: turbidity of 7.4 NTU, suspended solids of 39.2 mg/L, BOD of 29.6 mg/L, and COD of 41.3 mg/L, complying with current regulations. In mechanical tests, concrete made with potable water reached a compressive strength of 269.25 kg/cm², while that produced with untreated effluent decreased to 173.40 kg/cm². The use of zeolite-treated water improved the results to 231.2 kg/cm² (2%), 252.4 kg/cm² (3%), and 265 kg/cm² (4%), showing progressive recovery. The economic analysis determined a unit cost of S/ 492.68/m³ for the 4% treatment, with an increase of 1.5% compared to conventional concrete, justified by its higher structural performance.
This research analyzes the influence of wastewater effluent treated with zeolites on the behavior of structural concrete, with the purpose of evaluating its technical and economic feasibility as a sustainable alternative to the use of potable water in construction. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of zeolite treatment on the physicochemical properties of the effluent and its impact on the mechanical strength of concrete. The methodology followed an experimental design, using zeolite contents of 2%, 3%, and 4%. Initial results showed that the effluent presented a pH of 7.77, within the acceptable range, but exhibited high turbidity (82.9 NTU), BOD of 148.2 mg/L, and COD of 326 mg/L, exceeding the permissible limits. After treatment with 4% zeolite for 24 hours, a significant reduction was observed: turbidity of 7.4 NTU, suspended solids of 39.2 mg/L, BOD of 29.6 mg/L, and COD of 41.3 mg/L, complying with current regulations. In mechanical tests, concrete made with potable water reached a compressive strength of 269.25 kg/cm², while that produced with untreated effluent decreased to 173.40 kg/cm². The use of zeolite-treated water improved the results to 231.2 kg/cm² (2%), 252.4 kg/cm² (3%), and 265 kg/cm² (4%), showing progressive recovery. The economic analysis determined a unit cost of S/ 492.68/m³ for the 4% treatment, with an increase of 1.5% compared to conventional concrete, justified by its higher structural performance.
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Palabras clave
Aguas residuales, Zeolitas, Concreto estructural, Wastewater, Zeolites, Structural concrete
Citación
J. Barboza, “Análisis de influencia del efluente de aguas residuales tratadas con zeolitas en la preparación de un concreto estructural,” tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2026. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/10350
