Estrategias de producción más limpia en la empresa Geomar Products J&M SAC para disminuir los impactos ambientales
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2024
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
La presente investigación fue realizada en la empresa “Geomar Products J&M SAC” ubicada en el distrito de Coishco, Ancash; para disminuir los impactos ambientales generados por el proceso de congelado de pota. La metodología empleada consistió en diagnosticar el proceso de la empresa centrado en sus impactos ambientales para ello se emplearon herramientas como el diagrama de bloques, la matriz de identificación de aspectos e impactos ambientales, la matriz de Leopold, el balance de masa, la cuantificación de residuos y efluentes con sus respectivos costos. De ese análisis se determinó que los residuos de pota y los efluentes son los aspectos más contaminantes posicionándose antes los otros aspectos ambientales negativos con un 23,53%. Asimismo, se calculó que se generan 36 835,38 litros de efluentes /día y 8 337,04 kg/dia de residuos orgánicos de pota, los cuales sobrepasan en 1525,33% y 589,45% los parámetros establecidos por los Estándares Nacionales de Calidad Ambiental para Agua (ECA) de DBO y DQO respectivamente.
La evaluación de estrategias de producción más limpia determinó que las estrategias a implementar fueron las capacitaciones sobre temas ambientales, la implementación de hidrolavadoras, la reutilización de agua del primer lavado en la etapa de fileteo/corte/eviscerado mediante la aplicación de tecnologías químicas y la producción de ensilado dichas estrategias permitieron reducir un 42% de los efluentes, 78,12% de los residuos de pota y un 50% del impacto ambiental.
En cuanto a la viabilidad económica del proyecto se determinó que es viable pues existe una Tasa Interna de Retorno (88,6%) mayor a la del TMAR (25%).
This research was carried out in the company “Geomar Products J&M SAC” located in the district of Coishco, Ancash; to reduce the environmental impacts generated by the squid freezing process. The methodology used consisted of diagnosing the company's process focused on its environmental impacts. For this, tools such as the block diagram, the matrix for identifying environmental aspects and impacts, the Leopold matrix, the mass balance, the quantification of waste and effluents with their respective costs. From this analysis it was determined that squid waste and effluents are the most polluting aspects, ranking first the other negative environmental aspects with 23,53%. Likewise, it was calculated that 36 835,38 liters of effluents/day and 8 337,04 kg/day of organic squid waste are generated, which exceed the parameters established by the National Standards by 1525,33% and 58,45%. of Environmental Quality for Water (ECA) of BOD and COD respectively. The evaluation of cleaner production strategies determined that the strategies to be implemented were training on environmental issues, the implementation of pressure washers, the reuse of water from the first wash in the filleting/cutting/gutting stage through the application of chemical technologies and the silage production, these strategies allowed us to reduce 42% of effluents, 78,12% of squid waste and 50% of the environmental impact. Regarding the economic viability of the project, it was determined that it is viable because there is an Internal Rate of Return (88,6%) greater than that of the TMAR (25%).
This research was carried out in the company “Geomar Products J&M SAC” located in the district of Coishco, Ancash; to reduce the environmental impacts generated by the squid freezing process. The methodology used consisted of diagnosing the company's process focused on its environmental impacts. For this, tools such as the block diagram, the matrix for identifying environmental aspects and impacts, the Leopold matrix, the mass balance, the quantification of waste and effluents with their respective costs. From this analysis it was determined that squid waste and effluents are the most polluting aspects, ranking first the other negative environmental aspects with 23,53%. Likewise, it was calculated that 36 835,38 liters of effluents/day and 8 337,04 kg/day of organic squid waste are generated, which exceed the parameters established by the National Standards by 1525,33% and 58,45%. of Environmental Quality for Water (ECA) of BOD and COD respectively. The evaluation of cleaner production strategies determined that the strategies to be implemented were training on environmental issues, the implementation of pressure washers, the reuse of water from the first wash in the filleting/cutting/gutting stage through the application of chemical technologies and the silage production, these strategies allowed us to reduce 42% of effluents, 78,12% of squid waste and 50% of the environmental impact. Regarding the economic viability of the project, it was determined that it is viable because there is an Internal Rate of Return (88,6%) greater than that of the TMAR (25%).
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Palabras clave
Producción más limpia, Impacto ambiental, Procesamiento de alimentos, Cleaner production, Environmental impact, Food processing
Citación
C. E. Chiroque Carcamo. "Estrategias de producción más limpia en la empresa Geomar Products J&M SAC para disminuir los impactos ambientales," tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2024. [En línea]. Disponible en:
