Modelo conceptual y validación de contenido de una escala de violencia institucional en enfermería hospitalaria
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y validar el contenido de una escala multidimensional para medir la violencia institucional hacia el personal de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. Se desarrolló un estudio instrumental orientado a la construcción teórica y evaluación inicial de validez, siguiendo las recomendaciones metodológicas para el desarrollo de instrumentos en ciencias de la salud. La primera fase consistió en la elaboración de un modelo conceptual que integró aportes de la sociología, la antropología de la violencia, la psicología laboral y la teoría organizacional, permitiendo definir seis dimensiones: violencia jerárquica, violencia horizontal, omisión institucional, decisiones inseguras, inequidad organizacional y clima de protección. A partir de este modelo se construyeron 30 ítems que fueron sometidos a validación de contenido mediante juicio de 13 expertos seleccionados según criterios académicos, clínicos y metodológicos. Los expertos evaluaron claridad, coherencia, relevancia y representatividad de cada ítem utilizando una escala de cuatro puntos. Se calcularon los índices de validez de contenido por ítem (I-CVI) y de la escala (S-CVI/Ave). Los resultados mostraron valores de ICVI entre 0.80 y 1.00 para la mayoría de los ítems, y un S-CVI/Ave global superior a 0.94 en los tres criterios evaluados, lo que evidencia un nivel excelente de validez de contenido. Las observaciones cualitativas permitieron realizar ajustes menores de redacción sin modificar la estructura conceptual del instrumento. Se concluye que la escala presenta una adecuada pertinencia teórica y operativa, y constituye una herramienta novedosa para la medición de la violencia institucional en entornos hospitalarios, susceptible de avanzar a fases posteriores de validación psicométrica.
The objective of this study was to design and validate the content of a multidimensional scale to measure institutional violence against nursing staff in the hospital setting. An instrumental study was developed aimed at the theoretical construction and initial evaluation of validity, following the methodological recommendations for the development of instruments in health sciences. The first phase consisted of the development of a conceptual model that integrated contributions from sociology, the anthropology of violence, labor psychology and organizational theory, allowing the definition of six dimensions: hierarchical violence, horizontal violence, institutional omission, unsafe decisions, organizational inequity and climate protection. From this model, 30 items were constructed that were subjected to content validation through the judgment of 13 experts selected according to academic, clinical and methodological criteria. The experts evaluated the clarity, coherence, relevance and representativeness of each item using a four-point scale. Content validity indices per item ICVI) and scale validity indices (S-CVI/Ave) were calculated. The results showed I-CVI values between 0.80 and 1.00 for most items, and an overall S-CVI/AVE greater than 0.94 in the three criteria evaluated, which evidences an excellent level of content validity. The qualitative observations allowed minor drafting adjustments to be made without modifying the conceptual structure of the instrument. It is concluded that the scale has adequate theoretical and operational relevance and constitutes a novel tool for the measurement of institutional violence in hospital settings, susceptible to advance to later phases of psychometric validation.
The objective of this study was to design and validate the content of a multidimensional scale to measure institutional violence against nursing staff in the hospital setting. An instrumental study was developed aimed at the theoretical construction and initial evaluation of validity, following the methodological recommendations for the development of instruments in health sciences. The first phase consisted of the development of a conceptual model that integrated contributions from sociology, the anthropology of violence, labor psychology and organizational theory, allowing the definition of six dimensions: hierarchical violence, horizontal violence, institutional omission, unsafe decisions, organizational inequity and climate protection. From this model, 30 items were constructed that were subjected to content validation through the judgment of 13 experts selected according to academic, clinical and methodological criteria. The experts evaluated the clarity, coherence, relevance and representativeness of each item using a four-point scale. Content validity indices per item ICVI) and scale validity indices (S-CVI/Ave) were calculated. The results showed I-CVI values between 0.80 and 1.00 for most items, and an overall S-CVI/AVE greater than 0.94 in the three criteria evaluated, which evidences an excellent level of content validity. The qualitative observations allowed minor drafting adjustments to be made without modifying the conceptual structure of the instrument. It is concluded that the scale has adequate theoretical and operational relevance and constitutes a novel tool for the measurement of institutional violence in hospital settings, susceptible to advance to later phases of psychometric validation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Violencia laboral, Personal de enfermería, Estudios de validación, Workplace Violence, Nursing Staff, Validation Studies
Citación
Sirlopu N. Modelo conceptual y validación de contenido de una escala de violencia institucional en enfermería hospitalaria [Tesis de doctorado]. Chiclayo: Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo; 2025. 74 p. Disponible en:
