Revisión crítica: carga laboral del personal de enfermería en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
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Fecha
2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
La carga laboral que experimenta el equipo de enfermería de la unidad de cuidados críticos genera reacciones en el estilo de vida de dichos profesionales, su labor proporciona y garantiza la calidad de en el cuidado del paciente y su familia. Objetivos: Dilucidar la gravitación ocupacional de los profesionales sanitarios en el ámbito de las unidades de terapia intensiva. Método: Examen exhaustivo y minucioso que abarca trabajos académicos difundidos en relación con el peso profesional del colectivo de enfermería en unidades críticas a lo largo del lustro precedente. Las indagaciones se llevaron a cabo en repositorios bibliográficos acreditados (PubMed, Web of Science, entre otros), implementando una conjunción de
términos clave tales como: “profesionales de enfermería”, “sobrecarga profesional” y “unidades de cuidados intensivos”. De estas pesquisas se extrajo un acervo inicial de 1167 manuscritos, de los cuales, tras un proceso de tamizado, se seleccionaron únicamente 26 estudios que fueron evaluados conforme al compendio metodológico de Gálvez Toro. Entre estas investigaciones destaca el análisis titulado: “Factores vinculados con la sobrecarga laboral en el colectivo de enfermería en tres Unidades de Vigilancia Intensiva”, al cual se aplicó el instrumento STROBE. Finalmente, se abordó la interrogante: ¿Cuál es la carga laboral que soporta el personal de enfermería en las unidades de terapia intensiva? se determinó que existe una alta carga laboral; pero mencionaremos puntos específicos de los resultados que generaron esa respuesta, como: el 68% del tiempo es empleado en un solo paciente, las tareas administrativas generan
el mayor uso del tiempo, seguido de actividades como control y monitorización, cambios posturales, soporte renal y administración de medicamentos.
The workload experienced by the nursing team in the critical care unit generates reactions in the lifestyle of these professionals, their work provides and guarantees the quality of care for the patient and his/her family. Objectives: To elucidate the occupational weight of health professionals in the field of intensive care units. Method: Exhaustive and thorough examination that includes academic works disseminated in relation to the professional weight of the nursing group in critical units throughout the previous five years. The inquiries were carried out in accredited bibliographic repositories (PubMed, Web of Science, among others), implementing a conjunction of key terms such as: "nursing professionals", "professional overload" and "intensive care units". From these inquiries, an initial collection of 1167 manuscripts were extracted, from which, after a screening process, only 26 studies were selected that were evaluated according to the methodological compendium of Gálvez Toro. Among these investigations, the analysis entitled: “Factors linked to work overload in the nursing staff in three Intensive Care Units” stands out, to which the STROBE instrument was applied. Finally, the question was addressed: What is the magnitude of the occupational burden borne by the nursing staff in intensive care units? It was determined that there is a high workload; but we will mention specific points of the results that generated this response, such as: 68% of the time is spent on a single patient, administrative tasks generate the greatest use of time, followed by activities such as control and monitoring, postural changes, renal support and administration of medications.
The workload experienced by the nursing team in the critical care unit generates reactions in the lifestyle of these professionals, their work provides and guarantees the quality of care for the patient and his/her family. Objectives: To elucidate the occupational weight of health professionals in the field of intensive care units. Method: Exhaustive and thorough examination that includes academic works disseminated in relation to the professional weight of the nursing group in critical units throughout the previous five years. The inquiries were carried out in accredited bibliographic repositories (PubMed, Web of Science, among others), implementing a conjunction of key terms such as: "nursing professionals", "professional overload" and "intensive care units". From these inquiries, an initial collection of 1167 manuscripts were extracted, from which, after a screening process, only 26 studies were selected that were evaluated according to the methodological compendium of Gálvez Toro. Among these investigations, the analysis entitled: “Factors linked to work overload in the nursing staff in three Intensive Care Units” stands out, to which the STROBE instrument was applied. Finally, the question was addressed: What is the magnitude of the occupational burden borne by the nursing staff in intensive care units? It was determined that there is a high workload; but we will mention specific points of the results that generated this response, such as: 68% of the time is spent on a single patient, administrative tasks generate the greatest use of time, followed by activities such as control and monitoring, postural changes, renal support and administration of medications.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Enfermería, Carga laboral, UCI, Nursing, Workload, Intensive Care Units
Citación
Buguña A. Revisión crítica: carga laboral del personal de enfermería en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos [Tesis de segunda especialidad]. Chiclayo: Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo; 2025. 41 p. Disponible en:
