Determinantes de la persistencia del desempleo en el Perú: un análisis macroeconómico, 2005 – 2022
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Fecha
2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
El objetivo principal de la investigación es determinar los factores que influyen en la persistencia del desempleo en el Perú, desde un punto de vista macroeconómico, 2005 – 2022. El estudio expone el comportamiento de la tasa de desempleo en el Perú, y su relación con factores macroeconómicos a lo largo de los últimos 18 años. Se introduce el concepto de histéresis o persistencia para distinguir la inercia en la tasa de desempleo de los determinantes macroeconómicos internos. Para ello, se recolectaron datos de algunas series macroeconómicas en la página web del BCRP en frecuencia trimestral. Aplicando la metodología de los Modelos de Vectores Autoregresivos Estructurales (SVAR) por medio de la función impulso – respuesta se examinó el impacto de un choque o perturbación exógena en una de las variables del modelo sobre el desempleo. Los resultados revelan marcadas disparidades en las tasas de desempleo entre los diversos departamentos que conforman el territorio peruano. Igualmente, se encontró que un shock positivo en la tasa de desempleo en los dos períodos anteriores (DES(-1) y DES(-2)) tiende a aumentar la tasa de desempleo en el período actual, lo que sugiere que las fluctuaciones temporales en la tasa de desempleo pueden tener efectos de persistencia baja. Además, ante un movimiento del agregado M1 y FBK, la tasa de desempleo tiende a aumentar por un máximo de dos periodos. No obstante, ante un aumento en la variable términos de intercambio, el desempleo tiende a disminuir por un máximo de cinco periodos (relación negativa).
The main objective of the research is to determine the factors that influence the persistence of unemployment in Peru, from a macroeconomic point of view, 2005 - 2022. The study exposes the behavior of the unemployment rate in Peru, and its relationship with macroeconomic factors over the last 18 years. The concept of hysteresis or persistence is introduced to distinguish inertia in the unemployment rate from internal macroeconomic determinants. For this purpose, data from some macroeconomic series were collected from the BCRP web page on a quarterly basis. Applying the methodology of the Structural Vector Autoregressive Models (SVAR) by means of the impulse-response function, the impact of an exogenous shock or disturbance in one of the variables of the model on unemployment was examined. The results reveal marked disparities in unemployment rates among the various departments that make up the Peruvian territory. Likewise, it was found that a positive shock in the unemployment rate in the two previous periods (DES(-1) and DES(-2)) tends to increase the unemployment rate in the current period, suggesting that temporary fluctuations in the unemployment rate may have low persistence effects. Moreover, in the face of a movement in the aggregate M1 and FBK, the unemployment rate tends to increase for a maximum of two periods. However, when faced with an increase in the terms of trade variable, unemployment tends to decrease for a maximum of five periods (negative relationship).
The main objective of the research is to determine the factors that influence the persistence of unemployment in Peru, from a macroeconomic point of view, 2005 - 2022. The study exposes the behavior of the unemployment rate in Peru, and its relationship with macroeconomic factors over the last 18 years. The concept of hysteresis or persistence is introduced to distinguish inertia in the unemployment rate from internal macroeconomic determinants. For this purpose, data from some macroeconomic series were collected from the BCRP web page on a quarterly basis. Applying the methodology of the Structural Vector Autoregressive Models (SVAR) by means of the impulse-response function, the impact of an exogenous shock or disturbance in one of the variables of the model on unemployment was examined. The results reveal marked disparities in unemployment rates among the various departments that make up the Peruvian territory. Likewise, it was found that a positive shock in the unemployment rate in the two previous periods (DES(-1) and DES(-2)) tends to increase the unemployment rate in the current period, suggesting that temporary fluctuations in the unemployment rate may have low persistence effects. Moreover, in the face of a movement in the aggregate M1 and FBK, the unemployment rate tends to increase for a maximum of two periods. However, when faced with an increase in the terms of trade variable, unemployment tends to decrease for a maximum of five periods (negative relationship).
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Palabras clave
Desempleo, Macroeconomía, Mercado laboral, Unemployment, Macroeconomics
Citación
Reluz Nunton, S. A. (2025). Determinantes de la persistencia del desempleo en el Perú: un análisis macroeconómico, 2005 – 2022 [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo]. Repositorio Institucional USAT.
