Desgaste dental y calidad de vida respecto a la salud bucal en adultos atendidos en un centro odontológico, Chiclayo-2025
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2026
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
El desgaste dental es una lesión no cariosa caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva y crónica de la superficie dental, influenciada por factores como edad, dieta, hábitos y agentes erosivos. Inicialmente, pasa desapercibido, pero en fases avanzadas genera sensibilidad y fracturas dentarias, afectando la calidad de vida. Este estudio fue de tipo observacional, cuantitativo, transversal y prospectivo. Se desarrolló una prueba piloto con 10 adultos para capacitar y calibrar al investigador en el uso del índice ETWI, obteniendo un coeficiente Kappa de 0.8 a 0.9 (p=0.000). La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 138 adultos entre 18 y 65 años con desgaste dental. Se emplearon instrumentos: ficha de datos sociodemográficos, cuestionario OHIP-14sp para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral y ficha del índice ETWI para medir el nivel de desgaste. Se halló una correlación significativa entre el desgaste dental y la calidad de vida (p=0.000). El 50% de los participantes tenía entre 40 y 65 años, 53.62% eran mujeres, 50.72% contaba con educación secundaria y 52% residía en Chiclayo. En cuanto a la atención odontológica, el 72.26% acudió al dentista entre los últimos seis meses y un año. Se observó relación significativa entre la edad (p=0.000) y el grado de instrucción (p=0.025) con el nivel de desgaste dental. También, la calidad de vida se asoció con la edad, nivel educativo, frecuencia y motivo de visita al dentista, concluyéndose que los factores sociodemográficos influyen en la prevalencia del desgaste dental y en la calidad de vida de los adultos.
Dental wear is a non-carious lesion characterized by the progressive and chronic loss of tooth surface, influenced by factors such as age, diet, habits, and erosive agents. nitially, it goes unnoticed, but in advanced stages, it causes sensitivity and dental fractures, affecting quality of life. This study was observational, quantitative, cross-sectional, and prospective. A pilot test was conducted with 10 adults to train and calibrate the researcher in the use of the ETWI index, obtaining a Kappa coefficient of 0.8 to 0.9 (p=0.000). The final sample consisted of 138 adults between 18 and 65 years of age with dental wear. The following instruments were used: a sociodemographic data form, the OHIP-14sp questionnaire to assess oral health-related quality of life, and the ETWI index form to measure the level of wear. A significant correlation was found between dental wear and quality of life (p=0.000). Fifty percent of the participants were between 40 and 65 years old, 53.62% were women, 50.72% had a secondary education, and 52% resided in Chiclayo. Regarding dental care, 72.26% had visited a dentist in the last six months to one year. A significant relationship was observed between age (p=0.000) and educational level (p=0.025) with the degree of tooth wear. Quality of life was also associated with age, educational level, frequency, and reason for dental visits, leading to the conclusion that sociodemographic factors influence the prevalence of tooth wear and the quality of life of adults.
Dental wear is a non-carious lesion characterized by the progressive and chronic loss of tooth surface, influenced by factors such as age, diet, habits, and erosive agents. nitially, it goes unnoticed, but in advanced stages, it causes sensitivity and dental fractures, affecting quality of life. This study was observational, quantitative, cross-sectional, and prospective. A pilot test was conducted with 10 adults to train and calibrate the researcher in the use of the ETWI index, obtaining a Kappa coefficient of 0.8 to 0.9 (p=0.000). The final sample consisted of 138 adults between 18 and 65 years of age with dental wear. The following instruments were used: a sociodemographic data form, the OHIP-14sp questionnaire to assess oral health-related quality of life, and the ETWI index form to measure the level of wear. A significant correlation was found between dental wear and quality of life (p=0.000). Fifty percent of the participants were between 40 and 65 years old, 53.62% were women, 50.72% had a secondary education, and 52% resided in Chiclayo. Regarding dental care, 72.26% had visited a dentist in the last six months to one year. A significant relationship was observed between age (p=0.000) and educational level (p=0.025) with the degree of tooth wear. Quality of life was also associated with age, educational level, frequency, and reason for dental visits, leading to the conclusion that sociodemographic factors influence the prevalence of tooth wear and the quality of life of adults.
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Desgaste dental, Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral, Adultos, Tooth Wear
Citación
Becerra A. S. Desgaste dental y calidad de vida respecto a la salud bucal en adultos atendidos en un centro odontológico, Chiclayo-2025 [tesis de licenciatura]. Chiclayo: Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo; 2026. 46 p. [citado el 10 de febrero de 2026]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/9860
