Frecuencia de factores relacionados a infecciones bacterianas en pacientes en hemodiálisis con catéter tunelizado en un hospital EsSalud, Chiclayo, 2019-2023
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2026
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
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Introducción: Las infecciones bacterianas asociadas al uso de catéter tunelizado representan una de las principales complicaciones en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis, incrementando la morbimortalidad, los costos hospitalarios y el riesgo de hospitalizaciones prolongadas. La identificación de los factores demográficos y epidemiológicos relacionados con estas infecciones resulta fundamental para fortalecer las estrategias de prevención y optimizar la calidad de la atención en los servicios de hemodiálisis. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los principales factores relacionados a la infección bacteriana en pacientes en hemodiálisis con catéter tunelizado en un Hospital Essalud, Chiclayo, 2019-2023. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se recolectaron 100 historias clínicas que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: La mayor proporción de pacientes correspondió al grupo etario de 65 a 75 años (22%), con distribución equitativa por sexo (50% hombres y 50% mujeres) y predominio de nivel educativo primario (55%). La mayoría de los pacientes tuvo entre 1 y 3 años en hemodiálisis (78%) y utilizó catéter temporal no tunelizado al inicio (50%). Los microorganismos más frecuentes fueron Staphylococcus epidermidis (27,8%) y Staphylococcus aureus (25%), con baja frecuencia de infecciones por Candida spp. (2,8%). Las infecciones concomitantes más comunes fueron la neumonía por COVID-19 (13,9%) y otras neumonías (11,1%). Conclusiones: Los pacientes en hemodiálisis con catéter tunelizado fueron predominantemente adultos mayores, con nivel educativo primario y distribución equitativa por sexo. Predominaron las infecciones bacterianas, principalmente por Staphylococcus epidermidis y Staphylococcus aureus, mientras que las infecciones fúngicas fueron poco frecuentes, lo que resalta la importancia de reforzar las medidas de prevención y control de infecciones en este grupo de pacientes.
Introduction: Bacterial infections associated with tunneled catheter use represent one of the main complications in patients undergoing hemodialysis, increasing morbidity and mortality, hospital costs, and the risk of prolonged hospital stays. Identifying the demographic and epidemiological factors related to these infections is essential to strengthening prevention strategies and optimizing the quality of care in hemodialysis services. Objective: To determine the frequency of the main factors related to bacterial infection in hemodialysis patients with tunneled catheters at an Essalud Hospital in Chiclayo, Peru, from 2019 to 2023. Materials and methods: This study employed a quantitative, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. One hundred medical records that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected. Results: The largest proportion of patients were in the 65-75 age group (22%), with an equal distribution by sex (50% men and 50% women) and a predominance of primary education (55%). Most patients had been on hemodialysis for 1 to 3 years (78%) and initially used a temporary, non-tunneled catheter (50%). The most frequent microorganisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (27.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25%), with a low frequency of Candida spp. infections (2.8%). The most common concomitant infections were COVID-19 pneumonia (13.9%) and other pneumonias (11.1%). Conclusions: Patients on hemodialysis with a tunneled catheter were predominantly older adults, with a primary education level and an equal distribution by sex. Bacterial infections predominated, mainly caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, while fungal infections were infrequent, highlighting the importance of reinforcing infection prevention and control measures in this patient group.
Introduction: Bacterial infections associated with tunneled catheter use represent one of the main complications in patients undergoing hemodialysis, increasing morbidity and mortality, hospital costs, and the risk of prolonged hospital stays. Identifying the demographic and epidemiological factors related to these infections is essential to strengthening prevention strategies and optimizing the quality of care in hemodialysis services. Objective: To determine the frequency of the main factors related to bacterial infection in hemodialysis patients with tunneled catheters at an Essalud Hospital in Chiclayo, Peru, from 2019 to 2023. Materials and methods: This study employed a quantitative, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. One hundred medical records that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected. Results: The largest proportion of patients were in the 65-75 age group (22%), with an equal distribution by sex (50% men and 50% women) and a predominance of primary education (55%). Most patients had been on hemodialysis for 1 to 3 years (78%) and initially used a temporary, non-tunneled catheter (50%). The most frequent microorganisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (27.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25%), with a low frequency of Candida spp. infections (2.8%). The most common concomitant infections were COVID-19 pneumonia (13.9%) and other pneumonias (11.1%). Conclusions: Patients on hemodialysis with a tunneled catheter were predominantly older adults, with a primary education level and an equal distribution by sex. Bacterial infections predominated, mainly caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, while fungal infections were infrequent, highlighting the importance of reinforcing infection prevention and control measures in this patient group.
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Hemodiálisis, Catéter tunelizado, Infección bacteriana, Hemodialysis, Tunneled catheter, Bacterial infection
Citación
Ventura K. Frecuencia de factores relacionados a infecciones bacterianas en pacientes en hemodiálisis con catéter tunelizado en un hospital EsSalud, Chiclayo, 2019-2023 [tesis de licenciatura]. Chiclayo: Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo; 2026. p. 34 [citado el 18 de febrero de 2026]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/9906
