Factores que explican la brecha salarial étnica en el Perú, 2020 - 2022
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores que explican la brecha salarial étnica en el Perú. Para lograr el objetivo, como muestra se utilizó información de la encuesta ENAHO actualizada, presentada por el INEI en un periodo de referencia accesible de información completa anual 2020 - 2022. Dentro del apartado metodológico, en primer lugar, se realizó una caracterización de la población económicamente activa, diferenciando entre personas de origen étnico y no étnico. Luego, se aplicó la ecuación de ingresos de Mincer para identificar los factores que influyen en los salarios de ambos grupos. Finalmente, se utilizó el análisis de Oaxaca-Blinder para determinar en qué medida la brecha salarial se debe a características observables (como educación o experiencia) y no observables (como la discriminación). Ambos modelos fueron ajustados para corregir el sesgo muestral mediante el método de Heckman. Como resultado, se estimó que la brecha salarial entre grupos étnicos y no étnicos es del 39,03%. De esto, el 29.79% se explica por características observables como edad, sexo, nivel educativo, ocupación, experiencia laboral, ingresos, estado civil, área de residencia, región y condición de jefe de hogar. El 9.24% restante se atribuye a características no observables, que podrían estar relacionadas con la discriminación hacia el grupo étnico.
The objective of this research was to determine the factors that explain the ethnic wage gap in Peru. To achieve this objective, information from the updated ENAHO survey was used as a sample, presented by the INEI in an accessible reference period of complete annual information 2020 - 2022. Within the methodological section, firstly, a characterization of the population was carried out. economically active, differentiating between people of ethnic and non-ethnic origin. Then, Mincer's income equation was applied to identify the factors that influence the salaries of both groups. Finally, the Oaxaca-Blinder analysis was used to determine the extent to which the wage gap is due to observable characteristics (such as education or experience) and unobservable characteristics (such as discrimination). Both models were adjusted to correct the sampling bias using the Heckman method. As a result, the wage gap between ethnic and non-ethnic groups was estimated to be 39.03%. Of this, 29.79% is explained by observable characteristics such as age, sex, educational level, occupation, work experience, income, marital status, area of residence, region and status as head of household. The remaining 9.24% is attributed to non-observable characteristics, which could be related to discrimination against the ethnic group.
The objective of this research was to determine the factors that explain the ethnic wage gap in Peru. To achieve this objective, information from the updated ENAHO survey was used as a sample, presented by the INEI in an accessible reference period of complete annual information 2020 - 2022. Within the methodological section, firstly, a characterization of the population was carried out. economically active, differentiating between people of ethnic and non-ethnic origin. Then, Mincer's income equation was applied to identify the factors that influence the salaries of both groups. Finally, the Oaxaca-Blinder analysis was used to determine the extent to which the wage gap is due to observable characteristics (such as education or experience) and unobservable characteristics (such as discrimination). Both models were adjusted to correct the sampling bias using the Heckman method. As a result, the wage gap between ethnic and non-ethnic groups was estimated to be 39.03%. Of this, 29.79% is explained by observable characteristics such as age, sex, educational level, occupation, work experience, income, marital status, area of residence, region and status as head of household. The remaining 9.24% is attributed to non-observable characteristics, which could be related to discrimination against the ethnic group.
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Palabras clave
Brecha salarial, Discriminación étnica, Mercado laboral, Wage gap, Ethnic discrimination, Labour market
Citación
Peralta, A. C. (2025). Factores que explican la brecha salarial étnica en el Perú, 2020 - 2022 [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo]. Repositorio Institucional USAT. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/9731
