Evaluación de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de la subrasante arcillosa adicionada con fibras y peletizado de polipropileno en La Victoria
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
En el Perú, la baja calidad de muchas carreteras responde, entre otros factores, a la debilidad estructural de los suelos arcillosos, especialmente en regiones como Lambayeque, donde este tipo de suelo predomina; al mismo tiempo, la gestión inadecuada de residuos plásticos representa una amenaza ambiental creciente. Frente a esta doble problemática una de carácter técnico y otra ambiental, se propone una solución integradora: donde usar residuos plásticos reciclados, específicamente fibras y peletizado de polipropileno, como aditivo para mejorar las características de la subrasante en un suelo arcilloso. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el distrito de La Victoria, aplicando un enfoque cuantitativo-experimental. Se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio en especímenes de suelo natural y otras tratadas con dosificaciones de fibras de polipropileno (0.4%, 0.6% y 0.75%) combinados con un 8% de peletizado. Los ensayos se realizaron para clasificar el suelo y para conocer sus propiedades mecánicas con los siguientes ensayos de Proctor modificado y prueba CBR, siguiendo las normas del MTC. Los resultados revelaron que la incorporación de polipropileno, en sus dos formas, mejora de manera considerable las características del suelo. De modo que se logró reducir la plasticidad, aumentar la densidad seca máxima y optimizar la humedad para la compactación. En este sentido, el valor del CBR mejoró notablemente, permitiendo reclasificar el suelo como apto para subrasante según las exigencias de las normas técnicas nacionales. Entre las dosificaciones, el 0.6% de fibra con 8% de peletizado ofreció un balance óptimo entre resistencia, trabajabilidad y costo. Más allá de los beneficios técnicos, esta propuesta aporta una solución sustentable al problema del exceso de plásticos, ofreciendo una alternativa viable para su revalorización dentro del sector construcción. Así, se demuestra que es posible transformar residuos en recursos útiles, aportando no solo a la infraestructura vial, sino también a la protección ambiental y a la economía circular.
In Peru, the low quality of many roads responds, among other factors, to the structural weakness of clay soils, especially in regions such as Lambayeque, where this type of soil predominates; at the same time, the inadequate management of plastic waste represents a growing environmental threat. Faced with this double problem, one technical and the other environmental, an integrative solution is proposed: using recycled plastic waste, specifically polypropylene fibers and pellets, as an additive to improve the characteristics of the subgrade in a clayey soil. The research was carried out in the district of La Victoria, applying a quantitative-experimental approach. Laboratory tests were carried out on specimens of natural soil and others treated with dosages of polypropylene fibers (0.4%, 0.6% and 0.75%) combined with 8% pelletizing. The tests were performed to classify the soil and to know its mechanical properties with the following tests of modified Proctor and CBR test, following MTC standards. The results revealed that the incorporation of polypropylene, in its two forms, considerably improved soil characteristics. Thus, it was possible to reduce plasticity, increase maximum dry density and optimize moisture for compaction. In this sense, the CBR value improved significantly, allowing the soil to be reclassified as suitable for subgrade according to the requirements of national technical standards. Among the dosages, 0.6% fiber with 8% pelletizing offered an optimal balance between strength, workability and cost. Beyond the technical benefits, this proposal provides a sustainable solution to the problem of excess plastics, offering a viable alternative for their revaluation in the construction sector. This demonstrates that it is possible to transform waste into useful resources, contributing not only to road infrastructure, but also to environmental protection and the circular economy.
In Peru, the low quality of many roads responds, among other factors, to the structural weakness of clay soils, especially in regions such as Lambayeque, where this type of soil predominates; at the same time, the inadequate management of plastic waste represents a growing environmental threat. Faced with this double problem, one technical and the other environmental, an integrative solution is proposed: using recycled plastic waste, specifically polypropylene fibers and pellets, as an additive to improve the characteristics of the subgrade in a clayey soil. The research was carried out in the district of La Victoria, applying a quantitative-experimental approach. Laboratory tests were carried out on specimens of natural soil and others treated with dosages of polypropylene fibers (0.4%, 0.6% and 0.75%) combined with 8% pelletizing. The tests were performed to classify the soil and to know its mechanical properties with the following tests of modified Proctor and CBR test, following MTC standards. The results revealed that the incorporation of polypropylene, in its two forms, considerably improved soil characteristics. Thus, it was possible to reduce plasticity, increase maximum dry density and optimize moisture for compaction. In this sense, the CBR value improved significantly, allowing the soil to be reclassified as suitable for subgrade according to the requirements of national technical standards. Among the dosages, 0.6% fiber with 8% pelletizing offered an optimal balance between strength, workability and cost. Beyond the technical benefits, this proposal provides a sustainable solution to the problem of excess plastics, offering a viable alternative for their revaluation in the construction sector. This demonstrates that it is possible to transform waste into useful resources, contributing not only to road infrastructure, but also to environmental protection and the circular economy.
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Ingeniería vial, Residuos plásticos, Suelos arcillosos, Road engineering, Plastic waste, Clay soils
Citación
A. J. Salazar, “Evaluación de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de la subrasante arcillosa adicionada con fibras y peletizado de polipropileno en La Victoria,” tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2025. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/9720
