Propuesta de un sistema de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en una empresa metalmecánica para reducir los riesgos laborales
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
En la presente investigación, se propone un SGSST bajo el enfoque de la Ley 29783 en una empresa metalmecánica para reducir riesgos laborales. Como parte del diagnóstico, se utilizó la matriz IPER, donde se identificaron riesgos importantes y moderados que representaban un 72.09 % y 27.91 % respectivamente. Además, se registró la ocurrencia de accidentes laborales, lo cual resultó en un índice de accidentabilidad de 150% y generó costos directos de S/ 16,813. Para conocer las causas de los riesgos laborales, se utilizó el diagrama de Ishikawa, para la causal mano de obra se registró ausentismo laboral y trabajos prolongados, con respecto a la máquina, se identificaron exposición a Chuck o mordaza de sujeción , cabezal de corte y fajas expuestas , para la causal método la empresa metalmecánica tiene un nivel de cumplimiento del 10% en materia de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, con respecto al ambiente se identificó niveles de ruido por encima de lo normal y condiciones subestándares. En la propuesta del SGSST se aplicó la jerarquía de controles y se elaboraron documentos tales como política de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, el reglamento interno de SST, el mapa de riesgo, el IPERC, el plan anual de SST, así como las actividades preventivas y los registros obligatorios, obtenido un nuevo nivel de cumplimiento del 89 % y logrando reducir los riesgos importantes en un 100%. Finalmente se realizó el análisis económico de la propuesta donde se determinó que el beneficio es de 1,79, TIR del 78.30% y un VAN de S/. 56.582.10. Los indicadores económicos denotan viabilidad del proyecto.
In this research, an OSHMS is proposed under the approach of Law 29783 in a metal-mechanic company to reduce occupational risks. As part of the diagnosis, the IPER matrix was used, where important and moderate risks were identified, representing 72.09 % and 27.91%, respectively. In addition, the occurrence of occupational accidents was recorded, which resulted in an accident rate of 150% and generated direct costs of S/. 16,813. The Ishikawa diagram was used to identify the causes of occupational hazards; for the labor causal factor, absenteeism and prolonged work were recorded; with respect to the machine, exposure to chuck or clamping jaw, cutting head and exposed belts were identified; for the method causal factor, the metalmechanical company has a 10% level of compliance with occupational safety and health; with respect to the environment, above-normal noise levels and substandard conditions were identified. In the OSHMS proposal, the hierarchy of controls was applied and documents such as the occupational safety and health policy, the internal OSH regulations, the risk map, the IPERC, the annual OSH plan, as well as preventive activities and mandatory records were prepared, obtaining a new level of compliance of 89% and reducing significant risks by 100%. Finally, the economic analysis of the proposal was carried out, where it was determined that the profit is 1.79, TIR 78.30% and NPV S/. S/. 56.582.10. The economic indicators show the viability of the Project.
In this research, an OSHMS is proposed under the approach of Law 29783 in a metal-mechanic company to reduce occupational risks. As part of the diagnosis, the IPER matrix was used, where important and moderate risks were identified, representing 72.09 % and 27.91%, respectively. In addition, the occurrence of occupational accidents was recorded, which resulted in an accident rate of 150% and generated direct costs of S/. 16,813. The Ishikawa diagram was used to identify the causes of occupational hazards; for the labor causal factor, absenteeism and prolonged work were recorded; with respect to the machine, exposure to chuck or clamping jaw, cutting head and exposed belts were identified; for the method causal factor, the metalmechanical company has a 10% level of compliance with occupational safety and health; with respect to the environment, above-normal noise levels and substandard conditions were identified. In the OSHMS proposal, the hierarchy of controls was applied and documents such as the occupational safety and health policy, the internal OSH regulations, the risk map, the IPERC, the annual OSH plan, as well as preventive activities and mandatory records were prepared, obtaining a new level of compliance of 89% and reducing significant risks by 100%. Finally, the economic analysis of the proposal was carried out, where it was determined that the profit is 1.79, TIR 78.30% and NPV S/. S/. 56.582.10. The economic indicators show the viability of the Project.
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Seguridad y salud en el trabajo, Riesgos laborales, Sistema de gestión, Occupational health and safety, Occupational risks, Management system
Citación
O. Morante, “Propuesta de un sistema de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en una empresa metalmecánica para reducir los riesgos laborales,” tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2025. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/10276
