Propuesta de mejora del sistema de lagunaje del tratamiento de las aguas residuales de Mórrope para aumentar su eficiencia
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2026
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
La investigación tuvo como propósito principal desarrollar una propuesta de mejora del sistema de lagunaje para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales del distrito de Mórrope, con el fin de incrementar su eficiencia y asegurar el cumplimiento de los Límites Máximos Permisibles establecidos por el Ministerio del Ambiente. En la fase diagnóstica se evidenciaron deficiencias estructurales y operativas en la planta de tratamiento, como la ausencia de un sistema de pretratamiento con canal Parshall, la inexistencia de una rejilla conforme a la Norma OS.090 y la falta de mantenimiento preventivo, lo que generaba valores elevados de DBO₅ (193,73 mg/L) y coliformes fecales (22,8515 × 10⁴ NMP/100 mL). La propuesta técnica comprendió el rediseño del sistema mediante una laguna anaeróbica y otra facultativa, complementadas con un nuevo sistema de pretratamiento, un programa de mantenimiento preventivo y un plan de capacitación en seguridad, higiene y salud ocupacional. Con su aplicación se lograron valores mejorados de DBO₅ de 31,33 mg/L y coliformes fecales de 9,199144 × 10⁴ NMP/100 mL, aumentando la eficiencia del tratamiento de 25,08 % a 66,30 %. El estudio adoptó un enfoque no experimental, descriptivo y aplicativo, y en el análisis económico-financiero se determinó una inversión total de S/ 1 543 431,88, un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de S/ 1 077 622,03, una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 47,97 %, un Periodo de Recuperación de la Inversión (PRI) de 2,94 años y una Relación Beneficio/Costo (B/C) de 1,46, confirmando la viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental de la propuesta, así como su contribución al desarrollo sostenible y la mejora del saneamiento en el distrito de Mórrope.
The main purpose of this research was to develop an improvement proposal for the lagoon system used in wastewater treatment in the district of Mórrope, with the objective of increasing its efficiency and ensuring compliance with the Maximum Permissible Limits established by the Ministry of Environment. During the diagnostic phase, several structural and operational deficiencies were identified in the treatment plant, such as the absence of a pretreatment system with a Parshall flume, the lack of a screening system in accordance with Standard OS.090, and the absence of a preventive maintenance plan, which resulted in high values of BOD₅ (193.73 mg/L) and fecal coliforms (22.8515 × 10⁴ MPN/100 mL). The proposed technical solution consisted of redesigning the system by incorporating one anaerobic and one facultative lagoon, complemented with a new pretreatment unit, a preventive maintenance program, and a training plan in occupational safety, hygiene, and health. The implementation of this proposal achieved improved effluent quality, reducing BOD₅ to 31.33 mg/L and fecal coliforms to 9.199144 × 10⁴ MPN/100 mL, thus increasing treatment efficiency from 25.08 % to 66.30 %. The study followed a non-experimental, descriptive, and applied design. The economic and financial analysis determined a total investment of S/ 1,543,431.88, a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/ 1,077,622.03, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 47.97 %, a Payback Period (PBP) of 2.94 years, and a Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C) of 1.46, confirming the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of the proposed system, as well as its contribution to sustainable development and improved sanitation in the district of Mórrope.
The main purpose of this research was to develop an improvement proposal for the lagoon system used in wastewater treatment in the district of Mórrope, with the objective of increasing its efficiency and ensuring compliance with the Maximum Permissible Limits established by the Ministry of Environment. During the diagnostic phase, several structural and operational deficiencies were identified in the treatment plant, such as the absence of a pretreatment system with a Parshall flume, the lack of a screening system in accordance with Standard OS.090, and the absence of a preventive maintenance plan, which resulted in high values of BOD₅ (193.73 mg/L) and fecal coliforms (22.8515 × 10⁴ MPN/100 mL). The proposed technical solution consisted of redesigning the system by incorporating one anaerobic and one facultative lagoon, complemented with a new pretreatment unit, a preventive maintenance program, and a training plan in occupational safety, hygiene, and health. The implementation of this proposal achieved improved effluent quality, reducing BOD₅ to 31.33 mg/L and fecal coliforms to 9.199144 × 10⁴ MPN/100 mL, thus increasing treatment efficiency from 25.08 % to 66.30 %. The study followed a non-experimental, descriptive, and applied design. The economic and financial analysis determined a total investment of S/ 1,543,431.88, a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/ 1,077,622.03, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 47.97 %, a Payback Period (PBP) of 2.94 years, and a Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C) of 1.46, confirming the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of the proposed system, as well as its contribution to sustainable development and improved sanitation in the district of Mórrope.
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Tratamiento de aguas residuales, Sistema de lagunaje, Laguna anaeróbica y facultativa, Wastewater treatment, Waste stabilization ponds, Anaerobic and facultative lagoon
Citación
B. Santisteban, “Propuesta de mejora del sistema de lagunaje del tratamiento de las aguas residuales de Mórrope para aumentar su eficiencia ,” tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2026. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/9876
