Evaluación de la dosificación de concreto con plástico y corcho reciclado para la ejecución de losas armadas
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
El concreto es el material más utilizado en la construcción de viviendas, gracias a su versatilidad, sus propiedades mecánicas y su fácil producción. Es esta investigación, se analiza un concreto estructural liviano que cumple con los requisitos para ser utilizado en la construcción de losas armadas, con la particularidad de que un porcentaje de los agregados (fino y grueso) será reemplazado por plástico PET y corcho reciclado. El objetivo es reducir su peso específico de 2,300 kg/m3 a un valor cercano al de un concreto liviano, inferior 2,000 kg/m3, sin comprometer sus propiedades estructurales. La investigación presenta un enfoque experimental, con el objetivo de evaluar las propiedades del concreto tanto en su estado plástico (peso unitario, asentamiento y porcentaje de aire) como en su estado endurecido (resistencia a la compresión, tracción, flexión y abrasión) con sustituciones de 5%, 10% y 15% del volumen
total de la arena y grava por plástico PET y corcho reciclado. Los resultados muestran que, en la resistencia a la compresión, la sustitución del 5% mejoro el desempeño del concreto, mientras que los reemplazos del 10% y 15% redujeron la resistencia; la resistencia a la tracción, se observó una mejora con el reemplazo del 10% pero diferente con el reemplazo del 5% y 15% disminuyo; la resistencia a la flexión mejoró en los tres niveles de sustitución.
Concrete is the most widely used material in the field of residential construction due to its versatility, mechanical properties, and ease of production. In this research, a lightweight structural concrete is analyzed that meets the requirements for use in the construction of reinforced slabs, with the particularity that a percentage of the aggregates (fine and coarse) will be replaced by PET plastic and recycled cork. The objective is to reduce its specific weight from 2,300 kg/m³ to a value close to that of lightweight concrete, below 2,000 kg/m³, without compromising its structural properties. The research has an experimental approach and aims to evaluate the properties of the concrete both in its fresh state (unit weight, slump, and air content) and in its hardened state (compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and abrasion resistance) with substitutions of 5%, 10%, and 15% of the fine and coarse aggregate volume by PET plastic and recycled cork. The results show that, for compressive strength, the 5% substitution improved the concrete's performance, while the 10% and 15% replacements reduced the strength. In terms of tensile strength, an improvement was observed with the 10% replacement, but the strength decreased with 5% and 15%. Flexural strength improved at all three levels of substitution (5%, 10%, and 15%). Regarding abrasion resistance, wear rates of 0.46%, 0.44%, and 0.43% were obtained for the 5%, 10%, and 15% replacements, respectively.
Concrete is the most widely used material in the field of residential construction due to its versatility, mechanical properties, and ease of production. In this research, a lightweight structural concrete is analyzed that meets the requirements for use in the construction of reinforced slabs, with the particularity that a percentage of the aggregates (fine and coarse) will be replaced by PET plastic and recycled cork. The objective is to reduce its specific weight from 2,300 kg/m³ to a value close to that of lightweight concrete, below 2,000 kg/m³, without compromising its structural properties. The research has an experimental approach and aims to evaluate the properties of the concrete both in its fresh state (unit weight, slump, and air content) and in its hardened state (compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and abrasion resistance) with substitutions of 5%, 10%, and 15% of the fine and coarse aggregate volume by PET plastic and recycled cork. The results show that, for compressive strength, the 5% substitution improved the concrete's performance, while the 10% and 15% replacements reduced the strength. In terms of tensile strength, an improvement was observed with the 10% replacement, but the strength decreased with 5% and 15%. Flexural strength improved at all three levels of substitution (5%, 10%, and 15%). Regarding abrasion resistance, wear rates of 0.46%, 0.44%, and 0.43% were obtained for the 5%, 10%, and 15% replacements, respectively.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Concreto, Materiales reciclados, Propiedades mecánicas, Concrete, Recycled materials, Mechanical properties
Citación
M. C. Castillo Velasquez. "Evaluación de la dosificación de concreto con plástico y corcho reciclado para la ejecución de losas armadas," tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2025. [En línea]. Disponible en:
