Impacto de la procedencia rural y urbana en la accesibilidad al mercado laboral: estudio en beneficiarios de Beca 18
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Fecha
2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
La presente investigación busca evaluar y medir el impacto de la variable dicotómica procedencia, haciendo referencia a los sectores urbano y rural, para de esta manera, obtener cuáles son las posibilidades de acceder a un puesto laboral formal de las MiPymes lambayecanas, siendo alumnos egresados beneficiarios del programa Beca 18. En efecto, los datos han sido obtenidos mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario con respuestas cerradas a 383 propietarios, administradores no propietarios y/o reclutadores de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de Lambayeque. Dichas respuestas, permitieron, mediante un enfoque mixto, y con una investigación básica, de nivel descriptivo y diseño cuasiexperimental, aplicar los modelos econométricos probit y logit, pues se cuenta con variables dummys de elección binaria, de esta manera, conocer si los alumnos egresados de beca 18 tienen más oportunidades de insertarse en el mundo laboral indiferentemente de la procedencia que cada uno tenga. Así, se obtuvo un impacto positivo en las variables procedencia del hogar, haciendo referencia a lo rural y urbano, y la condición del egresado, haciendo referencia al egresado becado con beca 18 frente a otro que no lo es. Del mismo modo, se afirma que cuando el reclutador se considera de zona urbana, existe más probabilidad de contratar a alguien de zona urbana, mientras que, si el reclutador se identifica como procedente de zona rural, su elección es inclinada por aquellos postulantes que sean procedentes de zona rural.
This research seeks to evaluate and measure the impact of the dichotomous variable origin, referring to the urban and rural sectors, in order to obtain the possibilities of accessing a formal job position for lambayecan Mipymes, with graduated students being beneficiaries. of the Beca 18 program. In effect, the data have been obtained by applying a questionnaire with closed answers to 383 owners, non-owner administrators and/or recruiters of micro, small and medium-sized companies in Lambayeque. These responses allowed, through a mixed approach, and with a basic research, at a descriptive level and quasi-experimental design, to apply the probit and logit econometric models, since there are dummy variables of binary choice, in this way, to know if the graduated students of scholarship 18 have more opportunities to enter the world of work regardless of the origin that each one has. Thus, a positive impact was obtained on the home origin variables, referring to rural and urban, and the condition of the graduate, referring to the graduate receiving a scholarship with scholarship 18 versus another who is not. Similarly, it is stated that when the recruiter considers himself from an urban area, there is a greater probability of hiring someone from an urban area, while, if the recruiter identifies himself as coming from a rural area, his choice is inclined towards those applicants who are coming from rural areas.
This research seeks to evaluate and measure the impact of the dichotomous variable origin, referring to the urban and rural sectors, in order to obtain the possibilities of accessing a formal job position for lambayecan Mipymes, with graduated students being beneficiaries. of the Beca 18 program. In effect, the data have been obtained by applying a questionnaire with closed answers to 383 owners, non-owner administrators and/or recruiters of micro, small and medium-sized companies in Lambayeque. These responses allowed, through a mixed approach, and with a basic research, at a descriptive level and quasi-experimental design, to apply the probit and logit econometric models, since there are dummy variables of binary choice, in this way, to know if the graduated students of scholarship 18 have more opportunities to enter the world of work regardless of the origin that each one has. Thus, a positive impact was obtained on the home origin variables, referring to rural and urban, and the condition of the graduate, referring to the graduate receiving a scholarship with scholarship 18 versus another who is not. Similarly, it is stated that when the recruiter considers himself from an urban area, there is a greater probability of hiring someone from an urban area, while, if the recruiter identifies himself as coming from a rural area, his choice is inclined towards those applicants who are coming from rural areas.
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Palabras clave
Procedencia, Inserción laboral, MiPymes, Origin, Labor insertion, MSMEs
Citación
Perez Gonzales, J. R. (2025). Impacto de la procedencia rural y urbana en la accesibilidad al mercado laboral: estudio en beneficiarios de Beca 18 [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo]. Repositorio Institucional USAT.
