Evaluación del riesgo sísmico de las edificaciones de la zona nor-este del distrito de Reque mediante funciones de vulnerabilidad
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2026
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
Se llevó a cabo una investigación para evaluar el riesgo sísmico en la parte noreste del distrito de Reque. Los objetivos principales fueron: generar una base de datos tipificada de las estructuras, analizar el peligro sísmico, evaluar la vulnerabilidad de las edificaciones y proponer soluciones de refuerzo para las tipologías estudiadas. La investigación realizada es de tipo aplicada, con un nivel descriptivo y diseño no experimental. Se estudió una población de 1 137 lotes en la zona nor-este del distrito de Reque, tomando una muestra de 1 005 lotes. La vulnerabilidad se determinó a través de la observación directa, utilizando fichas de registro. Para analizar el peligro sísmico se hizo uso del software R-CRISIS, en el cual se introdujeron datos de la zona, dándonos como resultados unas aceleraciones de 0.13 g, 0.17 g, 0.33 g y 0.40 g para diferentes periodos de retorno. En la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica, se utilizó una adaptación peruana del método italiano de Benedetti-Petrini. Se aplicaron fichas de observación a 126 edificaciones (43 de adobe, 80 de albañilería y 3 de concreto armado). Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría, específicamente el 65.07%, presentó una vulnerabilidad "moderado". Para evaluar el riesgo sísmico se hizo uso de funciones de vulnerabilidad, dando como resultado que para un sismo de aceleración de 0.13 g se destaca que el 52.24% de las edificaciones tuvieron un nivel de daño “ninguno”, mientras que para una aceleración de 0.40 g se subraya que el 42.59% arrojaron un nivel de daño “colapso”. Finalmente, se presentó el reforzamiento con geomalla y la implementación de una viga collar aplicado a dos módulos de adobe de un colegio estatal. Mientras que el reforzamiento para la tipología de albañilería se tomó como muestra a una vivienda de la zona, a la cual se le implementó una malla electrosoldada como solución. En lo que respecta al reforzamiento de la tipología de concreto armado, se tomó como muestra al tercer módulo del colegio ya estudiado anteriormente, al cual se propuso aislar los muros del eje X-X de las columnas para evitar el fallo por columna corta, además de aplicar un encamisado a las columnas centrales para convertirlas en muros estructurales.
The research work was based on the seismic risk assessment of the northeastern part of the Reque district. Its specific objectives were to collect and create a database of different structures, classifying them into different typologies, analyze the seismic hazard of the area, assess seismic vulnerability, and present reinforcement solutions for the typologies studied. This research is an applied type of research, with a descriptive level and a nonexperimental design. The population was 1137 lots in the northeastern part of the Reque district, with a sample of 1 005 lots. Direct observation was used through observation sheets to determine vulnerability. To analyze seismic hazard, R-CRISIS software was used, into which data from the area were entered, yielding accelerations of 0.13 g, 0.17 g, 0.33 g, and 0.40 g for different return periods. Regarding the seismic vulnerability assessment, the Benedetti-Petrini method (Italian) adapted to Peruvian regulations was applied. This method was developed with observation sheets applied to a subsample of 126 buildings, divided into 43 adobe buildings, 80 masonry buildings, and 3 reinforced concrete buildings. The result was that 65.07% of the buildings presented a "moderate" vulnerability level. Vulnerability functions were used to assess seismic risk, resulting in 52.24% of the buildings showing "no" damage for an earthquake acceleration of 0.13 g, while 42.59% showed "collapse" damage for an acceleration of 0.40 g. Finally, the geogrid reinforcement and the implementation of a collar beam applied to two adobe modules of a state school were presented. While the reinforcement for the masonry type was taken as a sample from a house in the area, to which an electro-welded mesh was implemented as a solution. Regarding the reinforcement for the reinforced concrete type, the third module of the previously studied school was taken as a sample. It was proposed to isolate the walls of the X-X axis of the columns to avoid failure due to short columns, in addition to applying a casing to the central columns to convert them into structural walls
The research work was based on the seismic risk assessment of the northeastern part of the Reque district. Its specific objectives were to collect and create a database of different structures, classifying them into different typologies, analyze the seismic hazard of the area, assess seismic vulnerability, and present reinforcement solutions for the typologies studied. This research is an applied type of research, with a descriptive level and a nonexperimental design. The population was 1137 lots in the northeastern part of the Reque district, with a sample of 1 005 lots. Direct observation was used through observation sheets to determine vulnerability. To analyze seismic hazard, R-CRISIS software was used, into which data from the area were entered, yielding accelerations of 0.13 g, 0.17 g, 0.33 g, and 0.40 g for different return periods. Regarding the seismic vulnerability assessment, the Benedetti-Petrini method (Italian) adapted to Peruvian regulations was applied. This method was developed with observation sheets applied to a subsample of 126 buildings, divided into 43 adobe buildings, 80 masonry buildings, and 3 reinforced concrete buildings. The result was that 65.07% of the buildings presented a "moderate" vulnerability level. Vulnerability functions were used to assess seismic risk, resulting in 52.24% of the buildings showing "no" damage for an earthquake acceleration of 0.13 g, while 42.59% showed "collapse" damage for an acceleration of 0.40 g. Finally, the geogrid reinforcement and the implementation of a collar beam applied to two adobe modules of a state school were presented. While the reinforcement for the masonry type was taken as a sample from a house in the area, to which an electro-welded mesh was implemented as a solution. Regarding the reinforcement for the reinforced concrete type, the third module of the previously studied school was taken as a sample. It was proposed to isolate the walls of the X-X axis of the columns to avoid failure due to short columns, in addition to applying a casing to the central columns to convert them into structural walls
Descripción
Palabras clave
Riesgo sísmico, Vulnerabilidad estructural, Peligro sísmico, Seismic risk, Structural vulnerability, Seismic hazard
Citación
J. Castañeda, “Evaluación del riesgo sísmico de las edificaciones de la zona nor-este del distrito de Reque mediante funciones de vulnerabilidad,” tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2026. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/9840
