Influencia de la ceniza volcánica en las propiedades físico y mecánicas en la elaboración de adoquines Tipo I
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como busca analizar el efecto de la utilización de ceniza volcánica como reemplazo parcial del cemento Portland en la elaboración de adoquines de tipo I, con el fin de optimizar sus propiedades tanto físicas y mecánicas. Para tal fin, se diseñaron y evaluaron mezclas de concreto en porcentajes del 5%, 15%, 25% y 35%, en función del peso del cemento, para determinar el porcentaje más adecuado en términos de resistencia, durabilidad y viabilidad económica, estas muestras han sido sometidas a ensayos de resistencia a la compresión, resistencia a la flexión, absorción, abrasión. Estos resultados evidenciaron que las dosificaciones con un 5% y 15% de ceniza volcánica mejoraron notablemente con respecto al comportamiento del concreto, superando en algunos casos a la mezcla patrón. No obstante, a partir del 25% de reemplazo se observó una disminución significativa en las propiedades evaluadas, lo cual indica que un contenido excesivo de ceniza puede comprometer el desempeño estructural del adoquín. Asimismo, si bien el uso de ceniza volcánica representa una opción más sostenible al disminuir el uso de cemento y aprovechar un subproducto natural, su incorporación en altos porcentajes conlleva un aumento en los costos de producción. Este incremento se relaciona principalmente con las actividades asociadas a la recolección, procesamiento y transporte del material puzolánico.
The present investigation is to analyze the effect of the use of volcanic ash as a partial replacement of the Portland cement in the elaboration of type I cobblestones, in order to optimize its physical and mechanical properties. To this end, concrete mixtures were designed and evaluated in percentages of 5%, 15%, 25%and 35%, depending on the cement weight, to determine the most appropriate percentage in terms of resistance, durability and economic viability. These samples have been subjected to compression resistance tests, flexion resistance, absorption, abrasion. These results showed that dosages with 5% and 15% volcanic ash significantly improved with respect to the behavior of the concrete, surpassing in some cases the pattern mixture. However, from the 25% replacement, a significant decrease in the evaluated properties was observed, which indicates that excessive ash content can compromise the structural performance of the cobblestone. Also, although the use of volcanic ash represents a more sustainable option by decreasing the use of cement and taking advantage of a natural byproduct, its incorporation into high percentages entails an increase in production costs. This increase is mainly related to the activities associated with the collection, processing and transport of the puzzolan material.
The present investigation is to analyze the effect of the use of volcanic ash as a partial replacement of the Portland cement in the elaboration of type I cobblestones, in order to optimize its physical and mechanical properties. To this end, concrete mixtures were designed and evaluated in percentages of 5%, 15%, 25%and 35%, depending on the cement weight, to determine the most appropriate percentage in terms of resistance, durability and economic viability. These samples have been subjected to compression resistance tests, flexion resistance, absorption, abrasion. These results showed that dosages with 5% and 15% volcanic ash significantly improved with respect to the behavior of the concrete, surpassing in some cases the pattern mixture. However, from the 25% replacement, a significant decrease in the evaluated properties was observed, which indicates that excessive ash content can compromise the structural performance of the cobblestone. Also, although the use of volcanic ash represents a more sustainable option by decreasing the use of cement and taking advantage of a natural byproduct, its incorporation into high percentages entails an increase in production costs. This increase is mainly related to the activities associated with the collection, processing and transport of the puzzolan material.
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Ceniza, Cemento, Adoquín, Ash, Cement, Paver
Citación
A. Astudillo, “Influencia de la ceniza volcánica en las propiedades físico y mecánicas en la elaboración de adoquines Tipo I,” tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2025. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/9765
