Análisis del entorno laboral de la práctica profesional de enfermería en hospitales públicos de Lambayeque desde un enfoque mixto
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
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Introducción: El entorno laboral influye directamente en la calidad del cuidado de enfermería y en los resultados sensibles al cuidado. En el Perú, existen limitadas investigaciones que caractericen dicho entorno desde una perspectiva integral. Objetivo: Caracterizar el entorno de la práctica profesional de enfermería en hospitales públicos de la región Lambayeque, identificando sus fortalezas y debilidades desde un enfoque mixto. Método: Estudio con diseño mixto secuencial explicativo. En la fase cuantitativa se aplicó el instrumento PES-NWI validado, a una muestra probabilística de 360 enfermeros. En la fase cualitativa, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 profesionales seleccionados por muestreo intencional. Se integraron los hallazgos mediante triangulación. Resultados: El 50?% de los hospitales
presentaron un entorno laboral mixto y el otro 50?% favorable. Las dimensiones mejor evaluadas fueron relaciones médico-enfermera y calidad del cuidado; la más débil fue la dotación de recursos. Cualitativamente, se destacó un liderazgo empático pero limitado estructuralmente. Las participantes identificaron barreras como sobrecarga laboral, rotación de personal y escasa participación en decisiones. Conclusión: El entorno laboral de enfermería en Lambayeque muestra avances importantes, pero persisten desafíos estructurales que limitan el empoderamiento y la autonomía profesional. Mejorar la dotación, fortalecer el liderazgo y fomentar la participación institucional son acciones prioritarias para avanzar hacia entornos saludables y seguros.
Introduction: The work environment significantly influences the quality of nursing care and nursing-sensitive outcomes. In Peru, there is limited research that comprehensively characterizes this environment. Objective: To characterize the professional nursing practice environment in public hospitals of the Lambayeque region, identifying its strengths and weaknesses from a mixed-methods approach. Method: A sequential explanatory mixedmethods design was employed. In the quantitative phase, the validated PES-NWI instrument was applied to a probabilistic sample of 360 nurses. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 professionals selected through purposive sampling. Findings were integrated through triangulation. Results: Fifty percent of the hospitals presented a mixed work environment and the remaining 50?% a favorable one. The highest-rated dimensions were nurse–physician relationships and quality of care; the lowest was staffing and resource adequacy. Qualitative findings revealed empathetic leadership constrained by structural limitations. Participants reported barriers such as work overload, staff turnover, and limited participation in institutional decision-making. Conclusion: The nursing work environment in Lambayeque shows notable progress; however, structural challenges remain that hinder empowerment and professional autonomy. Improving staffing levels, strengthening leadership, and fostering institutional participation are key actions to promote healthy and safe practice environments.
Introduction: The work environment significantly influences the quality of nursing care and nursing-sensitive outcomes. In Peru, there is limited research that comprehensively characterizes this environment. Objective: To characterize the professional nursing practice environment in public hospitals of the Lambayeque region, identifying its strengths and weaknesses from a mixed-methods approach. Method: A sequential explanatory mixedmethods design was employed. In the quantitative phase, the validated PES-NWI instrument was applied to a probabilistic sample of 360 nurses. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 professionals selected through purposive sampling. Findings were integrated through triangulation. Results: Fifty percent of the hospitals presented a mixed work environment and the remaining 50?% a favorable one. The highest-rated dimensions were nurse–physician relationships and quality of care; the lowest was staffing and resource adequacy. Qualitative findings revealed empathetic leadership constrained by structural limitations. Participants reported barriers such as work overload, staff turnover, and limited participation in institutional decision-making. Conclusion: The nursing work environment in Lambayeque shows notable progress; however, structural challenges remain that hinder empowerment and professional autonomy. Improving staffing levels, strengthening leadership, and fostering institutional participation are key actions to promote healthy and safe practice environments.
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Palabras clave
Entorno laboral, Enfermería, Hospitales públicos, Work environment, Nursing, Public hospitals
Citación
Muro I. Análisis del entorno laboral de la práctica profesional de enfermería en hospitales públicos de Lambayeque desde un enfoque mixto [Tesis de doctorado]. Chiclayo: Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo; 2025. 70 p. Disponible en:
