Análisis de la influencia de la sábila deshidratada en polvo sobre la resistencia a la compresión del concreto f´c=175 kg/cm2 para la construcción de veredas
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
En busca de enriquecer las propiedades mecánicas del concreto se hacen uso de distintos aditivos, en este caso se ha incorporado la sábila deshidratada en polvo (SDP) como aditivo natural, en proporciones de 0.5 %, 5 % y 10 % respecto al peso del cemento contenido en el diseño de mezcla para un concreto f´c=175 kg/cm2, utilizando los cementos portland tipo MS e ICO. Para obtener este polímero natural en polvo, se ha utilizado solo el parénquima (pulpa) de la sábila, procediendo a licuar este gel para después retirar el exceso de agua contenida, después llevarlo a la estufa y finalmente pulverizar la cáscara seca de sábila ya deshidratada, obteniendo un polvo de 75 µm aproximadamente. Se demostró que la única proporción que tuvo resultados favorables fue la adición de 0.5 % de SDP, y al cuantificar lo resultados se obtuvo, al utilizar el cemento MS, una mejora de 8.67 % su resistencia a la compresión, un aumento de 2.68 % en la resistencia a la flexión y un 11.94 % en la resistencia a la tracción indirecta; y al utilizar el cemento ICO, una mejora de 8.98 % su resistencia a la compresión, un aumento de 4.72 % en la resistencia a la flexión y un 17.94 % en la resistencia a la tracción indirecta; además, se obtuvo una expansión frente a sulfatos, con una mejora del 5.88 % y un 4.76 %, utilizando el cemento MS e ICO, respectivamente; mientras que el uso del 5 % y 10 % de SDP, afecta negativamente la estructura interna y las propiedades mecánicas del concreto. Asimismo, el aditivo (SDP) al ser un polímero natural mejora la adherencia y los grupos funcionales pueden formar enlaces de hidrógeno que estabilizan la estructura polimérica y disminuye los espacios intersticiales, logrando recudir la porosidad del concreto.
In search of enriching the mechanical properties of the concrete, different additives are used, in this case dehydrated aloe vera powder (SDP) has been incorporated as a natural additive, in proportions of 0.5 %, 5 % and 10 % with respect to the weight of the concrete. Cement contained in the mix design for a concrete f´c=175 kg/cm2, using portland cements type MS and ICO. To obtain this natural polymer in powder form, only the parenchyma (pulp) of the aloe vera has been used, proceeding to liquefy this gel and then remove the excess water contained, then take it to the stove and finally pulverize the dry dehydrated aloe vera shell, obtaining a powder of approximately 75 µm. It was shown that the only proportion that had favorable results was the addition of 0.5 % of SDP, and when quantifying the results, when using the MS cement, an improvement of 8.67 % in its compressive strength was obtained, an increase of 2.68 % in flexural strength and 11.94 % in indirect tensile strength; and when using ICO cement, an 8.98% improvement in its compressive strength, a 4.72 % increase in flexural strength and a 17.94% increase in indirect tensile strength; In addition, an expansion against sulfates was obtained, with an improvement of 5.88 % and 4.76 %, using MS and ICO cement, respectively; while the use of 5 % and 10 % SDP negatively affects the internal structure and mechanical properties of the concrete. Likewise, the additive (SDP), being a natural polymer, improves adhesion and the functional groups can form hydrogen bonds that stabilize the polymer structure and reduce interstitial spaces, reducing the porosity of the concrete.
In search of enriching the mechanical properties of the concrete, different additives are used, in this case dehydrated aloe vera powder (SDP) has been incorporated as a natural additive, in proportions of 0.5 %, 5 % and 10 % with respect to the weight of the concrete. Cement contained in the mix design for a concrete f´c=175 kg/cm2, using portland cements type MS and ICO. To obtain this natural polymer in powder form, only the parenchyma (pulp) of the aloe vera has been used, proceeding to liquefy this gel and then remove the excess water contained, then take it to the stove and finally pulverize the dry dehydrated aloe vera shell, obtaining a powder of approximately 75 µm. It was shown that the only proportion that had favorable results was the addition of 0.5 % of SDP, and when quantifying the results, when using the MS cement, an improvement of 8.67 % in its compressive strength was obtained, an increase of 2.68 % in flexural strength and 11.94 % in indirect tensile strength; and when using ICO cement, an 8.98% improvement in its compressive strength, a 4.72 % increase in flexural strength and a 17.94% increase in indirect tensile strength; In addition, an expansion against sulfates was obtained, with an improvement of 5.88 % and 4.76 %, using MS and ICO cement, respectively; while the use of 5 % and 10 % SDP negatively affects the internal structure and mechanical properties of the concrete. Likewise, the additive (SDP), being a natural polymer, improves adhesion and the functional groups can form hydrogen bonds that stabilize the polymer structure and reduce interstitial spaces, reducing the porosity of the concrete.
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Concreto, Aditivos naturales, Propiedades mecánicas, Concrete, Natural additives, Mechanical properties
Citación
D. Y. Fuentes Segura. "Análisis de la influencia de la sábila deshidratada en polvo sobre la resistencia a la compresión del concreto f´c=175 kg/cm2 para la construcción de veredas," tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2025. [En línea]. Disponible en:
