Estrategias visuales para favorecer la comunicación verbal en niños de 4 años con trastorno del espectro autista
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2026
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
La finalidad de este trabajo analítico fue investigar las estrategias visuales como herramienta educativa que promueva el desarrollo de la comunicación verbal en niños de cuatro años con diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Estos niños presentaban dificultades en la comprensión y expresión oral, lo que limitaba su integración social y escolar. Se recomendó la implementación de estrategias visuales, como pizarras de comunicación, agendas visuales y pictogramas, como un medio eficaz para reducir los obstáculos a la comunicación y vincular el lenguaje verbal con el pensamiento. La finalidad del estudio fue evidenciar cómo las estrategias visuales incidieron en el progreso de la comunicación verbal de los niños evaluados. El estudio se basó en un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño preexperimental de grupo único, que requirió la aplicación de una evaluación inicial y una evaluación final para medir el impacto de las estrategias visuales. La muestra estuvo compuesta por siete niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) que asistían a una escuela inicial en Chiclayo y fueron seleccionados por conveniencia. Para la recolección de datos sobre comunicación verbal se utilizó la Escala de Evaluación de la Comunicación Verbal (EAEV), la cual demostró alta calidad metodológica al ser validada mediante juicio de expertos (validez de Aiken 0.90) y al obtener un coeficiente de confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach de 0.87. Como resultado de la evaluación inicial, se encontró que tres cuartas partes de los niños (75%) tenían un nivel temprano con limitaciones evidentes. Una vez implementadas las estrategias visuales, los niños/as llegaron a un nivel de vocabulario más alto, fueron capaces de construir oraciones simples, e incluso mostraron confianza a la hora de expresar emociones y necesidades y finalizaron su discurso de manera espontánea. Se llegó a la conclusión de que las estrategias visuales tuvieron un efecto favorable en el desarrollo de la comunicación verbal en los niños/as con TEA. Se sugirió que docentes y familias las aplicaran de forma continua y de acuerdo con la práctica y características de cada niño/a, buscando un clima más integrador y comunicativo.
The purpose of this analytical work was to investigate visual strategies as an educational tool to promote the development of verbal communication in four-year-old children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). These children presented difficulties in oral comprehension and expression, which limited their social and school integration. The implementation of visual strategies, such as communication boards, visual schedules, and pictograms, was recommended as an effective means to reduce communication obstacles and link verbal language with thought. The aim of the study was to demonstrate how visual strategies impacted the progress of verbal communication in the evaluated children. The study was based on a quantitative approach with a single-group pre-experimental design, which required the application of an initial evaluation and a final evaluation to measure the impact of the visual strategies. The sample consisted of seven children with ASD who attended a preschool in Chiclayo and were selected for convenience. The Verbal Communication Assessment Scale (EAEV) was used for data collection on verbal communication. This instrument demonstrated high methodological quality, being validated by expert judgment Aiken's 0.90 and obtaining an Alpha Cronbach's reliability coefficient of 0.87.As a result of the initial evaluation, it was found that three-quarters of the children (75%) had an early level with evident limitations. Once the visual strategies were implemented, the children reached a higher vocabulary level, were able to construct simple sentences, and even showed confidence in expressing emotions and needs, spontaneously concluding their speech. It was concluded that visual strategies had a favorable effect on the development of verbal communication in children with ASD. It was suggested that teachers and families apply them continuously and according to the practice and characteristics of each child, seeking a more inclusive and communicative environment.
The purpose of this analytical work was to investigate visual strategies as an educational tool to promote the development of verbal communication in four-year-old children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). These children presented difficulties in oral comprehension and expression, which limited their social and school integration. The implementation of visual strategies, such as communication boards, visual schedules, and pictograms, was recommended as an effective means to reduce communication obstacles and link verbal language with thought. The aim of the study was to demonstrate how visual strategies impacted the progress of verbal communication in the evaluated children. The study was based on a quantitative approach with a single-group pre-experimental design, which required the application of an initial evaluation and a final evaluation to measure the impact of the visual strategies. The sample consisted of seven children with ASD who attended a preschool in Chiclayo and were selected for convenience. The Verbal Communication Assessment Scale (EAEV) was used for data collection on verbal communication. This instrument demonstrated high methodological quality, being validated by expert judgment Aiken's 0.90 and obtaining an Alpha Cronbach's reliability coefficient of 0.87.As a result of the initial evaluation, it was found that three-quarters of the children (75%) had an early level with evident limitations. Once the visual strategies were implemented, the children reached a higher vocabulary level, were able to construct simple sentences, and even showed confidence in expressing emotions and needs, spontaneously concluding their speech. It was concluded that visual strategies had a favorable effect on the development of verbal communication in children with ASD. It was suggested that teachers and families apply them continuously and according to the practice and characteristics of each child, seeking a more inclusive and communicative environment.
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Palabras clave
Trastorno del espectro autista, Comunicación verbal, Estrategias visuales, Autism spectrum disorder, Verbal communication, Visual aids
Citación
Cajusol, A. (2026). Estrategias visuales para favorecer la comunicación verbal en niños de 4 años con trastorno del espectro autista [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo]. Repositorio Institucional USAT. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/10358
