Adición de biopolímero extraído de la cascara de plátano como agregado fino para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas y físicas de las mezclas asfálticas
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
El presente estudio experimental se centra en la adición de biopolímero extraído de la cáscara de plátano como agregado fino en mezclas asfálticas, con el objetivo de mejorar sus propiedades mecánicas y físicas. La problemática radica en la durabilidad de los pavimentos asfálticos en Perú, un país con una amplia diversidad climática que afecta negativamente el rendimiento y vida útil de las infraestructuras viales. Se busca una solución que no solo aumente la resistencia del pavimento frente a las condiciones climáticas y cargas de tráfico, sino que también incorpore prácticas sostenibles mediante el uso de residuos orgánicos. La investigación emplea el biopolímero obtenido de la cáscara de plátano, un residuo orgánico ampliamente disponible, y lo introduce en la mezcla asfáltica para evaluar su desempeño a través de pruebas como el ensayo de Marshall, Cántabro, tracción indirecta y Lottman. Los resultados preliminares
indicaron que un 1% de biopolímero optimiza las propiedades de estabilidad y flujo de la mezcla, mostrando mejoras significativas respecto a las mezclas convencionales. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque aplicado y experimental, manipulando y controlando variables para observar el impacto del biopolímero en las propiedades de las mezclas asfálticas. Se seleccionaron 108 briquetas siguiendo un muestreo no probabilístico por juicio, adaptado a las normas vigentes y basado en la experiencia previa. La investigación también incluyó un análisis económico que comparó los costos de las mezclas tradicionales y las modificadas con biopolímero, concluyendo que, además de mejorar las propiedades mecánicas, esta técnica es una alternativa viable y sostenible para la infraestructura vial en regiones costeras de Perú.
The present experimental study focuses on the addition of biopolymer extracted from banana peel as a fine aggregate in asphalt mixtures, with the aim of improving their mechanical and physical properties. The problem lies in the durability of asphalt pavements in Peru, a country with a wide climatic diversity that negatively affects the performance and useful life of road infrastructure. A solution is being sought that not only increases the resistance of the pavement against climatic conditions and traffic loads, but also incorporates sustainable practices through the use of organic waste. The research uses the biopolymer obtained from banana peel, a widely available organic waste, and introduces it into the asphalt mixture to evaluate its performance through tests such as the Marshall, Cantabro, indirect traction and Lottman tests. Preliminary results indicated that 1% biopolymer optimizes the stability and flow properties of the mixture, showing significant improvements compared to conventional mixtures. The study was developed under an applied and experimental approach, manipulating and controlling variables to observe the impact of the biopolymer on the properties of asphalt mixtures. 108 briquettes were selected following non-probabilistic sampling by judgment, adapted to current standards and based on previous experience. The research also included an economic analysis that compared the costs of traditional mixtures and those modified with biopolymer, concluding that, in addition to improving mechanical properties, this technique is a viable and sustainable alternative for road infrastructure in coastal regions of Peru.
The present experimental study focuses on the addition of biopolymer extracted from banana peel as a fine aggregate in asphalt mixtures, with the aim of improving their mechanical and physical properties. The problem lies in the durability of asphalt pavements in Peru, a country with a wide climatic diversity that negatively affects the performance and useful life of road infrastructure. A solution is being sought that not only increases the resistance of the pavement against climatic conditions and traffic loads, but also incorporates sustainable practices through the use of organic waste. The research uses the biopolymer obtained from banana peel, a widely available organic waste, and introduces it into the asphalt mixture to evaluate its performance through tests such as the Marshall, Cantabro, indirect traction and Lottman tests. Preliminary results indicated that 1% biopolymer optimizes the stability and flow properties of the mixture, showing significant improvements compared to conventional mixtures. The study was developed under an applied and experimental approach, manipulating and controlling variables to observe the impact of the biopolymer on the properties of asphalt mixtures. 108 briquettes were selected following non-probabilistic sampling by judgment, adapted to current standards and based on previous experience. The research also included an economic analysis that compared the costs of traditional mixtures and those modified with biopolymer, concluding that, in addition to improving mechanical properties, this technique is a viable and sustainable alternative for road infrastructure in coastal regions of Peru.
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Biopolímero, Asfalto, Sostenible, Biopolymer, Asphalt, Sustainable
Citación
M. P. Mena Alberca "Adición de biopolímero extraído de la cascara de plátano como agregado fino para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas y físicas de las mezclas asfálticas," tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2025. [En línea]. Disponible en:
