Evaluación de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de mezclas asfálticas mediante la modificación por vía seca con elastómero de poliuretano termoplástico
Cargando...
Fecha
2026
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
Actualmente, el deterioro rápido de los pavimentos flexibles es un problema significativo en la ingeniería vial. Entre las principales razones que dan origen a esta problemática están la sobrecarga continua, el incremento de las cargas de tráfico y el mal manejo de mantenimiento de carreteras. A raíz de esto se están evaluando nuevos materiales y procesos para mejorar la resistencia y durabilidad de las mezclas asfálticas. Los elastómeros son polímeros que presentan excelentes propiedades elásticas y que fluyen muy bien a elevadas temperaturas. En esta investigación se evaluaron las propiedades físico-mecánicas de mezclas asfálticas modificadas mediante vía seca con elastómero de poliuretano termoplástico en proporciones de 0, 1%, 2% y 4% en peso de agregados para tráfico ligero y medio. Los resultados indican que el peso unitario se incrementó y el porcentaje de vacíos se redujo a medida que se aumentaba el contenido de TPU. La estabilidad máxima fue de 1476 y 1900 kg con un contenido óptimo de TPU de 2.70% y 2.52%, en tráfico ligero y medio, respectivamente. El flujo Marshall se mantuvo dentro del rango establecido en la norma. El ensayo cántabro demostró que con TPU se redujo el desgaste hasta en 15.79% y 18.11%, para tráfico ligero y medio. Asimismo, con el ensayo Lottman se determinó que la razón de esfuerzo a tensión de las mezclas modificadas superó el 80%. Finalmente, el costo unitario de producción por metro cubico de mezcla modificada es similar al costo de la mezcla convencional.
Currently, the rapid deterioration of flexible pavements is a significant problem in road engineering. Among the main reasons that give rise to this problem are continuous overload, increased traffic loads and poor road maintenance management. As a result, new materials and processes are being evaluated to improve the strength and durability of asphalt mixtures. Elastomers are polymers that have excellent elastic properties and flow very well at high temperatures. In this research, the physical-mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures modified by dry route with thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer in proportions of 0, 1%, 2% and 4% by weight of aggregates for light and medium traffic were evaluated. The results indicate that the unit weight increased and the percentage of voids decreased as the TPU content increased. The maximum stability was 1476 and 1900 kg with an optimal TPU content of 2.70% and 2.52%, in light and medium traffic, respectively. The Marshall flow remained within the range established in the standard. The Cantabrian trial showed that with TPU wear was reduced by up to 15.79% and 18.11%, for light and medium traffic. Likewise, with the Lottman test, it was determined that the stress-to-tension ratio of the modified mixtures exceeded 80%. Finally, the unit cost of production per cubic meter of modified mixture is similar to the cost of conventional mixing.
Currently, the rapid deterioration of flexible pavements is a significant problem in road engineering. Among the main reasons that give rise to this problem are continuous overload, increased traffic loads and poor road maintenance management. As a result, new materials and processes are being evaluated to improve the strength and durability of asphalt mixtures. Elastomers are polymers that have excellent elastic properties and flow very well at high temperatures. In this research, the physical-mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures modified by dry route with thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer in proportions of 0, 1%, 2% and 4% by weight of aggregates for light and medium traffic were evaluated. The results indicate that the unit weight increased and the percentage of voids decreased as the TPU content increased. The maximum stability was 1476 and 1900 kg with an optimal TPU content of 2.70% and 2.52%, in light and medium traffic, respectively. The Marshall flow remained within the range established in the standard. The Cantabrian trial showed that with TPU wear was reduced by up to 15.79% and 18.11%, for light and medium traffic. Likewise, with the Lottman test, it was determined that the stress-to-tension ratio of the modified mixtures exceeded 80%. Finally, the unit cost of production per cubic meter of modified mixture is similar to the cost of conventional mixing.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Pavimento, Asfalto, Elastómeros, Pavement, Asphalt, Elastomers
Citación
Y. Giron, “Evaluación de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de mezclas asfálticas mediante la modificación por vía seca con elastómero de poliuretano termoplástico ,” tesis de licenciatura, Fac. de Ingeniería, Univ. USAT, Chiclayo, Perú, 2026. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/10294
