Propuesta de exclusión del término, los que resulten responsables, en diligencias preliminares por vulnerar el derecho a la defensa
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2025
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Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer el contenido normativo y argumentativo de una propuesta jurídica para excluir el uso del término “los que resulten responsables” (LQRR) en la apertura de diligencias preliminares. Esta expresión, carente de precisión legal, ha sido empleada por el Ministerio Público para realizar investigaciones secretas contra personas plenamente identificadas, sin reconocerles la condición formal de imputados, lo que vulnera el derecho de defensa, el debido proceso y la presunción de inocencia. A través del análisis doctrinal, jurisprudencial y de tesis previas, se demuestra que esta práctica contradice el artículo 330 del Código Procesal Penal, que exige la individualización del sujeto desde el inicio de la investigación. Por ello, se propone una reforma normativa que limite el uso de LQRR únicamente a supuestos en los que no sea posible identificar, ni siquiera incipientemente, al presunto implicado, fijando criterios objetivos y compatibles con el modelo acusatorio. La propuesta busca restablecer el equilibrio procesal desde el inicio del procedimiento penal, garantizando la transparencia, la legalidad y la participación activa de la defensa.
The purpose of this research is to establish the normative and argumentative content of a legal proposal to exclude the use of the term “those responsible” (LQRR) in the opening of preliminary proceedings. This expression, lacking legal precision, has been used by the Public Prosecutor's Office to conduct secret investigations against fully identified persons, without recognizing them as formally accused, which violates the right to defense, due process and the presumption of innocence. Through the analysis of doctrine, jurisprudence and previous theses, it is shown that this practice contradicts article 330 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which requires the individualization of the subject from the beginning of the investigation. Therefore, a normative reform is proposed that limits the use of LQRR only to cases in which it is not possible to identify, even incipiently, the alleged suspect, establishing objective criteria that are compatible with the accusatory model. The proposal seeks to reestablish the procedural balance from the beginning of the criminal procedure, guaranteeing transparency, legality and the active participation of the defense.
The purpose of this research is to establish the normative and argumentative content of a legal proposal to exclude the use of the term “those responsible” (LQRR) in the opening of preliminary proceedings. This expression, lacking legal precision, has been used by the Public Prosecutor's Office to conduct secret investigations against fully identified persons, without recognizing them as formally accused, which violates the right to defense, due process and the presumption of innocence. Through the analysis of doctrine, jurisprudence and previous theses, it is shown that this practice contradicts article 330 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which requires the individualization of the subject from the beginning of the investigation. Therefore, a normative reform is proposed that limits the use of LQRR only to cases in which it is not possible to identify, even incipiently, the alleged suspect, establishing objective criteria that are compatible with the accusatory model. The proposal seeks to reestablish the procedural balance from the beginning of the criminal procedure, guaranteeing transparency, legality and the active participation of the defense.
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Palabras clave
Derecho procesal penal, Debido proceso, Presunción de inocencia, Criminal procedure, Due process, Presumption of innocence
Citación
Guerrero, D. E. (2025). Propuesta de exclusión del término, los que resulten responsables, en diligencias preliminares por vulnerar el derecho a la defensa [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo]. Repositorio Institucional USAT. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/9614
